复合肥中添加不同比例腐殖酸对花生产量、品质及氮磷利用效率的影响  

Effects of Compound Fertilizers with Different Ratio of Humic Acid on the Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency in Peanut

作　　者：毛家伟[1] 杨永辉[1,2,3] 张运红 李丙奇[1] 韩伟锋 高翠民[1,2,3] 刘小奇[4] MAOJia-wei;YANG Yong-hui;ZHANG Yun-hong;LI Bing-qi;HAN Wei-feng;GAO Cui-min;LIU Xiao-qi(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Key Lab. of Agricultural Eco-environment,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yuanyang 453514,China;Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water-Saving Agriculturein the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province,Yuanyang 453514,China;Zhengzhou Apollo Fertilizer Co.,Ltd.,Xingyang 450100,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所/河南省农业生态与环境重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [2]农业农村部作物高效用水原阳科学观测试验站,河南原阳453514 [3]河南省黄河流域节水农业野外科学观测研究站,河南原阳453514 [4]郑州阿波罗肥业有限公司,河南荥阳450100

出　　处：《花生学报》2025年第1期44-51,共8页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：河南省农业科学院创新团队(2024TD27);河南省中央引导地方项目(Z20231811180);国家自然科学基金(32001443);郑州市重大科技创新专项(2020CXZX0085);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2024ZC054)。

摘　　要：通过大田试验,研究了复合肥中添加不同比例腐殖酸对花生产量、品质及氮磷利用效率的影响,旨在筛选花生专用复合肥中腐殖酸最优添加量,为腐殖酸增效肥料研发提供理论依据。结果表明,和普通复合肥(CF)相比,施用添加不同比例腐殖酸复合肥(CF+HA)可增加花生的主茎长,促进花生增产,以3%添加量处理最优,单株总果数、百果质量、百仁质量和产量分别增加12.6%、10.3%、2.2%和9.7%,还可提高花生蛋白质、脂肪、硬脂酸和木焦油酸含量,降低油酸、花生一烯酸和山嵛酸含量和油酸/亚油酸比。施用添加不同比例腐殖酸复合肥的花生氮累积量、氮肥利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率均显著高于CF处理,增幅分别为5.2%~21.7%,19.8%~82.8%,9.1%~12.5%和127.9%~174.8%,以CF+3%HA处理最高,该处理的磷肥利用率、磷肥偏生产力、磷肥农学效率分别较之显著增加68.5%、12.5%和18.4倍。施用添加不同比例腐殖酸复合肥的花生成熟期土壤速效氮含量显著降低7.0%~16.1%,以CF+3%HA处理最低。综上所述,复合肥中添加腐殖酸能一定程度提高花生产量,改善花生品质,促进氮磷的吸收和利用,以CF+3%HA处理施用效果最佳。Field experiment were conducted to study the compound fertilizers with different ratios of humic acid on the yield, quality, nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency in peanut(Arachis hypogaea Linn.). The aim of this study was to determine the optimal amount of humic acid in peanut special compound fertilizer, and provide theoretical basis for the research development of humic acid-containing solid fertilizers. The results showed that compared with common compound fertilizer, applying compound fertilizers with different ratios of humic acid increased the main stem length and yield of peanut. Applying compound fertilizers with 3% humic acid had the optimal effects, and there were increases in total fruit number(12.6%), 100-fruit mass(10.3%), 100-kernel mass(2.2%), and yield(9.7%), respectively. It also raised the contents of protein, fat, stearic acid and tetracosanoic acid of peanut, but reduced the contents of oleic acid, eicosenoic acid and behenic acid, as well as oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio. Applying compound fertilizer with different ratios of humic acid raised nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity, and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency of peanut by 5.2%-21.7%, 19.8%-82.8%, 9.1%-12.5%, 127.9%-174.8%, respectively, among which the CF+3% HA treatment had the largest increase, and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency, phosphorus fertilizer partial productivity, phosphorus fertilizer agronomic efficiency were significantly increased by 68.50%, 12.5%, 18.4 times, respectively. Soil available nitrogen content in the ripening period of peanut under the treatments of compound fertilizers with different ratios of humic acid were significantly reduced by 7.0%-16.1%, with the lowest valve of the CF+3% HA treatment. In summary, applying compound fertilizers with humic acid improved the yield and quality of peanut, promoted the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus to a certain extent in peanut, with the optimal

关 键 词：腐殖酸 花生 产量 品质 氮磷利用效率 

分 类 号：S565.206.2[农业科学—作物学] S147.4