甘蔗+花生复合种植花生品种筛选及高效栽培模式研究  

Study on the Screening of Peanut Varieties and Efficient Cultivation Patterns of Sugarcane-Peanut Intercropping

作　　者：唐秀梅 廖露露 吴海宁 熊军 黄友访 黄志鹏 郑希 李忠[3] 贺梁琼 唐荣华 TANG Xiu-mei;LIAO Lu-lu;WU Hai-ning;XIONG Jun;HUANG You-fang;HUANG Zhi-peng;ZHENG Xi;LI Zhong;HE Liang-qiong;TANG Rong-hua(Institute of Cash Crops,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530004,China;Guangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Nanning 530022,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Biotechnology,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所,广西南宁530004 [2]广西壮族自治区农业技术推广站,广西南宁530022 [3]广西作物遗传改良生物技术重点开放实验室,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《花生学报》2025年第1期52-59,共8页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：广西自然科学基金(2022GXNSFAA035492);国家自然科学基金(32260544);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-13-华南区栽培);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(2021YT053&2022YM03)。

摘　　要：甘蔗间作花生是我国南方地区大力推广的复合种植模式,深受当地农民欢迎。本研究通过花生品种筛选及高效复合栽培模式研究,并对不同种植模式下的作物产量、品质和经济效益进行对比分析。结果表明,2022、2023年与甘蔗复合种植的花生品种中,桂花376、桂花65产量较高,2022年产量分别为3207.65、2774.07 kg/hm^(2),2023年产量分别为2537.33、2450.37 kg/hm^(2),得出桂花376与桂花65更适宜与甘蔗复合种植。与单纯种植花生相比,复合种植花生的百果质量、百仁质量、油酸和亚油酸含量显著提高,其中1.2 m+2.4 m宽窄行甘蔗下种植4行花生的增幅较大,分别提高9.72%、16.36%、7.46%和7.83%。1.2 m+2.4 m宽窄行甘蔗种植4行花生、2.0 m等行距甘蔗种植2行花生与同年其他种植模式相比,土地当量比(LER)值最大(分别为1.52、1.82),复种优势最大,种植效益最高,分别为71848.28和73737.03元/hm^(2)。综上,选取花生品种桂花376、桂花65与甘蔗复合种植,采用2.0 m等行距甘蔗套种2行花生及1.2 m+2.4 m宽窄行甘蔗套种4行花生的复合种植经济效益最好,且1.2 m+2.4 m宽窄行甘蔗+花生复合栽培模式更适合机械化生产。Sugarcane intercropping with peanut is a vigorously promoted composite planting mode in the southern regions of China,which is favored by local farmers.In this study,peanut varieties were screened for two consecutive years and the high-efficiency compound cultivation pattern was studied,and the yield,quality and economic benefit under different planting patterns were compared and analyzed.The results showed that among the peanut varieties intercropping with sugarcane in 2022 and 2023,Guihua376 and Guihua65 had the highest yields,and the yields in 2022 were 3,207.65 and 2,774.07 kg/ha,respectively,as well as the yield in 2023 were 2,537.33 and 2,450.37 kg/ha,respectively.Therefore,Guihua376 and Guihua65 were suitable for intercropping with sugarcane.Compared with monoculture of peanuts,the traits of 100-pod mass,100-kernel mass,oleic acid and linoleic acid of intercropping peanuts were significantly increased.Among them,1.2 m+2.4 m wide and narrow rows of sugarcane intercropping with four rows of peanuts increased by 9.72%,16.36%,7.46%and 7.83%,respectively.Compared with other planting patterns,1.2 m+2.4 m wide and narrow rows of sugarcane intercropping with four rows of peanuts and 2.0 m equal rows of sugarcane intercropping with two rows of peanuts had the greatest LER values(1.52 and 1.82,respectively),and the advantages of intercropping were the largest and the planting efficiency was the highest,which were 73,737.03 and 71,848.28 CNY/ha,respectively.Therefore,the best economic benefits were obtained from the intercropping of peanut varieties Guihua376 and Guihua65 with sugarcane,and the planting patterns of intercropping two and four rows of peanut with 2.0 m equal rows spacing and 1.2 m+2.4 m wide and narrow rows of sugarcane,respectively.The combined cultivation technology of 1.2 m+2.4 m wide and narrow rows of sugarcane+peanut was more suitable for mechanized production.

关 键 词：花生 甘蔗 复合种植 品种筛选 栽培模式 经济效益 

分 类 号：S565.204.7[农业科学—作物学] S344.3