两行垄作花生挖掘翻秧晾晒收获机试制  

Trial Production of Two-Row Ridge Tillage Peanut Digging,Turning and Drying Harvester

作　　者：孙千涛 孙文喜 刘龙 刘道奇 钱凯 陈凯阳 尚书旗 秦欢[1,2] SUN Qian-tao;SUN Wen-xi;LIU Long;LIU Dao-qi;QIAN Kai;CHEN Kai-yang;SHANG Shu-qi;QIN Huan(Changyuan Branch of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changyuan 453400,China;Henan Province Peanut Cultivation,Harvesting and Processing Intelligent Equipment Engineering Research Center,Zhengzhou 450008,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院长垣分院,河南长垣453400 [2]河南省花生耕种收加工智能设备工程研究中心,河南郑州450008 [3]青岛农业大学机电工程学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《花生学报》2025年第1期87-95,共9页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家花生产业技术体系项目(CARS-14);河南省重点研发专项(231111112800);河南省科技攻关项目(232102110302);河南省优势特色农业产业科技支撑行动计划项目(20230201004)。

摘　　要：针对现有花生挖掘收获机在收获铺放后,下层的花生果与温湿土壤直接接触易发生霉变,造成大面积减产现状,试制了一款两行垄作花生挖掘翻秧晾晒收获装置。为减小花生挖掘铲作业阻力和提高挖掘收获质量,采用图解力学分析方法对其需满足的结构尺寸与力学性能进行了设计分析,并利用EDEM离散元分析软件对挖掘铲作业性能进行了仿真分析,得出平均作业阻力为1 637.98 N;为保证花生植株夹持的完整性与夹持输送性能,采用图解结构尺寸解析方法对夹持链条关键设计参数进行了分析研究;为提高去土质量,结合整机设计尺寸,对拍杆设计参数进行了设计分析;为保障花生植株翻秧质量,采用理论数据计算方法确定了翻秧轴转速最优设计参数。以机具平均作业速度为1 m/s、挖掘深度为120 mm和翻秧旋转轴转速为230 r/min进行田间试验,结果表明:埋果率为0.26%、落果率为0.3%、花生植株翻秧率为76%,性能指标能够满足项目要求。该机的试制成果,可为花生挖掘翻秧晾晒关键技术提供理论依据,并为进一步提高花生收获质量与产量提供技术配套。In view of the situation that the peanut in the lower layer is prone to mildew after being put in direct contact with the warm and wet soil by the present peanut digging harvester, which results in a large area of yield reduction, a two-row ridge tillage peanut digging, flipping and drying harvesting device was developed. In order to reduce the resistance of peanut digging shovel and improve the quality of digging harvest, the structure size and mechanical properties of peanut digging shovel were designed and analyzed by means of graphical mechanics analysis method, and the performance of digging shovel was simulated by using EDEM discrete element analysis software, and the average resistance was 1,637.98 N. In order to ensure the integrity and conveying performance of peanut plant gripping, the key design parameters of the gripping chain were designed and analyzed by means of graphic structure dimension analysis. In order to improve the quality of soil removal, the design parameters of the rod were analyzed combining with the design size of the whole machine. In order to ensure the quality of peanut plant overturning, the optimal design parameters of axis rotation speed were determined by theoretical data calculation method. The average operation speed of the machine was 1 m/s, the digging depth was 120 mm, and the rotation speed of the turning axis was 230 r/min. The results showed that the burying rate of fruit was 0.26%, the falling rate of fruit was 0.3%, and the turning rate of peanut plants was 76%. The performance indexes could meet the project requirements. The trial-production results of the machine can provide theoretical basis for the key technology of peanut digging, turning and drying, and provide technical support for further improving the quality and yield of peanut harvest.

关 键 词：花生 挖掘收获机 仿真分析 夹持输送 抖土 翻秧晾晒 

分 类 号：S225.73[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S565.209.1[农业科学—农业工程]