城市轨道交通弓网燃弧研究进展与展望  

Research Progress and Prospects on Pantograph-Catenary Arcing in Urban Rail Transit

作　　者：张昱航 魏志恒 周于翔 马志鹏 ZHANG Yuhang;WEI Zhiheng;ZHOU Yuxiang;MA Zhipeng(China Academy of Railway Sciences,100081,Beijing,China;Urban Rail Transit Center,China Academy of Railway Sciences Co.,Ltd.,100081,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院,北京100081 [2]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司城市轨道交通中心,北京100081

出　　处：《城市轨道交通研究》2025年第3期25-28,34,共5页Urban Mass Transit

基　　金：北京自然科学基金项目(L211001);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科研项目(2024YJ091);铁科院(北京)工程咨询有限公司科研项目(2023ZXJ002)。

摘　　要：[目的]弓网燃弧现象会恶化列车受流质量,导致受电弓滑板和接触线遭受烧蚀,进而影响列车运行的安全性和稳定性。鉴于目前弓网燃弧的研究主要聚焦于高速铁路领域,而城市轨道交通(以下简称“城轨”)在供电方式及接触线悬挂形式上与高速铁路存在差异,因此有必要开展城轨弓网燃弧的相关研究。[方法]综述了城轨弓网燃弧的研究现状。梳理了结合弓网运动及气体吹弧作用的黑盒模型或磁流体动力学模型的建模成果,并介绍了利用有限元软件对燃弧物理场进行仿真的研究进展。概述了弓网载流试验的最新进展,探讨了速度、接触力和电流对燃弧强度的影响。总结了弓网燃弧的检测方法,其中光电传感器已得到广泛应用,而图像识别检测与机器学习技术的深度融合是当前研究的热点方向。[结果及结论]基于现有研究,考虑材料物态变化的燃弧模型能够有力推动燃弧烧蚀研究的深入。同时,纳入天气因素的考量将有助于进一步完善弓网燃弧的建模分析。针对燃弧数据的针对性补强措施有助于减少维护工作量,而多部门数据的融合则有助于推动城轨燃弧检测的智能化发展。[Objective]Pantograph-catenary(PC)arcing degrades the train current collection quality,causes ablation of pantograph carbon strips and contact wires,and consequently affects safety and stability of train operation.While existing research on PC arcing primarily focuses on high-speed railways,urban rail transit(URT)differs in power supply methods and catenary suspension forms.Thus,it is necessary to conduct targeted research on PC arcing in URT.[Method]The current research progress on URT PC arcing is reviewed,modeling achievements that combine PC dynamics with arc blowing effects using black-box models or magnetohydrodynamic models are summarized.The progress of simulating arcing physical fields with finite element software is introduced.Recent developments in PC current-carrying experiments are outlined,focusing on the influence of speed,contact force,and current on arc intensity.Detection methods for PC arcing are summarized,of which photoelectric sensors are widely applied,and the integration of image recognition with machine learning technologies is a current research hotspot.[Result&Conclusion]Based on existing studies,arcing models that consider material state changes can significantly advance in-depth researches into arc ablation mechanisms.Meanwhile,including weather factors in modelling will further refine the analysis of PC arcing.Targeted enhancements to arcing data collection will help reduce maintenance workloads,and the integration of multi-department data will drive intelligent detection of PC arcing in URT.

关 键 词：城市轨道交通 弓网燃弧 燃弧建模 载流试验 燃弧检测 

分 类 号：U239.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]