盟诅辞“明亟视之”及相关文句再议  

A Reconsideration of the Covenant and Curse Phrase "Ming Ji Shi Zhi" and Related Expressions

作　　者：许佳莹 Xu Jiaying

机构地区：[1]上海古籍出版社

出　　处：《出土文献》2025年第1期45-60,169,170,共18页Excavated Documents

摘　　要：本文梳理侯马盟书、温县盟书、周代铭文、《左传》、《史记》、新见鱼颠匕、马王堆帛书中“明亟之”及相似结构的盟诅辞,认为:1.盟书“明亟之”的“”应如董珊先生读为“示”,有降加之意。“明亟之”当与“福履绥之”结构相类,可联系金文嘏辞,“明亟”为无标记受事主语。2.温县盟书“■亟视之”的“■”及相关字当从单育辰读为“憯”,鱼颠匕“参视之蚩尤命”的“参”也应读为“憯”,二者皆有“速”义。3.本文所举盟诅辞可以按正式程度分为“严格的盟誓现场”“盟诅辞的记录”“模仿盟诅辞的告诫语”三种。4.“/视”一般是对惩罚的“降示”,但“河伯视之”与“其刑视蚩尤”“视蚩尤共工”中的“视”分别有监督、比照等义,应当与“示”区分。This article gathers and organizes instances of the phrase"ming ji shi zhi”明亟■之and similar expressions in the Houma and Wenxian Covenant texts,Zhou dynasty bronze inscriptions,Zuo Zhuan左传,Shi Ji史记,the newly seen Yu Dian spoon,and the Mawangdui Silk manuscripts.The article argues that:1)The word shi■in covenants should be read as shi示as suggested by Dong Shan,and be understood as"descending."The structure of the phrase ming ji shi zhi is similar to that of the phrase fu lu sui zhi Ming ji明亟is an unmarked subject.2)■in the Wenxian Covenant texts should be read as can憯following Shan Yuchen.The can参in the phrase can shi zhi Chi You ming参视之蚩尤命on the Yu dian should also be read as憯,both of them mean"fast."3)The texts mentioned in our research can be divided into three types according to the degree of formalitv."formal covenant scene","record of covenant oath,""admonitions modelled on covenants and curses."4)Shi■/视can be interpreted as the descendance of punishment,but in the phrases He Bo shi zhi河伯视之,qi xing shi Chi You其刑视蚩尤,and shi Chi You Gong Gong视蚩尤共工the shi means to supervise and contrast,which should be differentiated from shi示.

关 键 词：“明亟视之” 盟诅辞 盟书 金文 语法 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]