岳麓简“传囚”令文初论  

A Preliminary Discussion on the"Transfer of Prisoners"Ordinance Seen in the Yuelu Qin Bamboo Slips

作　　者：王博凯 Wang Bokai

机构地区：[1]河南大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《出土文献》2025年第1期61-74,170,共15页Excavated Documents

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“出土律令与秦代地方治安治理研究”(22CZS003)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：岳麓简所见“传囚令”是秦代规范郡县道间转送囚犯的法令。文章通过对令文文本的考释与解读,对简文的编联提出新思考。令文显示,秦时传囚要在道路上按固定里程设置临时关押囚犯的建筑设施“庑”。通过考辨“庑”的含义诸说,本文认为《说文》对“庑”的解释应是正确的,“传囚令”也对此提供了新证。《为吏治官及黔首》中“船隧毋庑”“谢室毋庑”的语义,应分别指在水路或关押待罪之吏的机构中未设置“庑”这一建筑设施,二者均是官吏失职的具体表现。秦代对转囚的管理已经制度化,传囚制度与秦王朝对刑徒劳动力役使及异地诉讼的治狱原则有关,对秦代治狱制度的完善有重要意义。The"Transfer of Prisoners"ordinance seen in volume 7 of the Yuelu Qin Bamboo Slips is a Qin dynasty ordinance concerning the transferring of prisoners between commanderies,counties,and marches.This paper puts forward some new suggestions on the arrangement of the text based on paleographical and textual analysis.The ordinance stipulates that when transferring prisoners,wu庑facilities were set up fixed distances along the road to temporarily hold the prisoners.By analyzing the various understandings of the meaning of wu,this paper argues that the interpretation of the Shuowen jiezi说文解字is correct and supported by the ordinance.In Wei li zhi guan ji qian shou为吏治官及黔首,the phrases chuan sui wu wu船遂毋庑and xie shi wu wu谢室毋庑,respectively refer to the failure to set up wu facilities to keep the prisoners along the waterways and for pre-trial holding.Both are concrete examples of the dereliction of duty by officials.The article shows that the management of prisoner transfer was institutionalized in Qin Dynasty.The prisoner transfer system is important to the perfection of the prison administration system in the Qin dynasty and related to the principle of hearing litigation and having prisoners perform penal labor extra-locally.

关 键 词：岳麓秦简 秦令 庑 传囚 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]