简牍所见两汉三国时期“助吏”考论  

"Assistant Officials"in Manuscript from the Han Dynasties and the Three Kingdoms

作　　者：高佳莉 Gao Jiali

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《出土文献》2025年第1期80-91,79,171,共14页Excavated Documents

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“秦汉身份秩序与社会结构研究”(21AZS006)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“助吏”是以“助”的形式流动供职于地方军事与民政机构的吏员,于两汉三国时期皆见设置。两汉时的“助吏”可大致分为“助佐”“助史”及隧“助吏”三类,供职于地方太守府与都尉府、县廷列曹及各乡,与相关机构中的其他文书吏共同负责文书的处理与制作,具有明显的流动性特征。其供职机构的转变表现出两汉时郡级行政机构文书职权的加强及县廷职能的细化。至三国时,“助吏”随着基层官吏“吏役化”的趋势而逐渐式微。“助吏”是出于行政工作的实际需要而产生,体现出官僚体制在运行过程中灵活的自我调节。"Assistant Officials"助吏were officials who assisted temporarily in local military and civil affairs institutions.The function was established during the Han dynasties and the Three Kingdoms periods.The Assistant Official can be divided into three categories:Assistant Aide助佐,Assistant Scribe助史,and Beacon Assistant Official隧助吏.They served in the local Governor's office and Chief Commander's office,County court offices and Townships.They were responsible for the processing and production of documents together with other officials in the institutions and were very mobile.The transformation of their service structure reflects the strengthening of the clerical powers of commandery level administrative agencies and the refinement of county court functions during the Han dynasties.During the Three Kingdoms period,the trend of"assisting officials"gradually declined along with the trend of"official servitude"among grassroots officials.Assistant Officials came into being out of the actual needs of administrative work and reflects the flexible self-regulation of the bureaucratic system in operation.

关 键 词：助吏 助佐 助史 文书行政 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K234[历史地理—历史学] K236