西北汉代医简字词考辨三例  

Three Analyses of Characters and Words in Han Dynasty Medical Slips from Northwest China

作　　者：袁开惠 Yuan Kaihui

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学科技人文研究院

出　　处：《出土文献》2025年第1期117-126,172,173,共12页Excavated Documents

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目青年基金“三部西汉墓出土简帛医书病证名比较研究”(19YJC740112)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文对西北汉代医简中一些未释和错释字词进行考释、辨析,如敦煌汉简医方简563B中简端两字“■”当为“(豚)脂”或“(豚)肪”。敦煌汉简医方简2001中“诸绝”是病症名,指各种“绝病”,即脏气衰竭,精气、阴血、真阳等消耗殆尽的一类危重病变;“靡”与“糜”通,“靡谷”“去热”均是药物大黄所主病症;此简未必为医方,简文讲了三种药物的主治与功效。武威汉代医简49中“尽”可读如其字,“尽索”在方中属同义叠用,至于其实,则又有着偏义概念,“尽”言火尽,而“索”谓火尽且粪败,简文当句读为“羊矢(屎)尽索,横木阬(坑)上”。This paper analyses and determines some uninterpreted and misinterpreted characters and words in Han dynasty medical slips from Northwest China.For example,in the Dunhuang Han bamboo slips,medical prescription slip 563B,at the top side,there are two characters■that should interpreted as lard■(豚)脂/肪.On Dunhuang Han medical slip 2001,Zhu jue诸绝is the name of a disease,which refers to a type of critical disease in which the visceral qi is exhausted,and the essential qi,yin-blood,and kidney-yang are exhausted.The meaning of mi靡on that slip is the same as mi糜,and indigestion靡谷and heat-removing去热are effects of the drug rhubarb.This slip may not necessarily be a medical prescription as the brief text describes the main treatment and efficacy of three drugs.Slip 49 of the Wuwei Han dynasty medical slips has the character jin尽which should be understood as written.The phrase jin suo尽索is used tautologically in the prescription,but in actual fact it focuses on two different aspects.Jin refers to the ashes of fire and suo refers to the ashes of feces.The correct reading of the phrase should be yang shi jin suo,heng mu keng shang羊矢(屎)尽索,横木阬(坑)上.The purpose of this paper is to explore the original writing of TCM prescriptions and drugs in Northwest medical bamboo slips,and to better explain the understanding of diseases and characteristics of medication in Northwest China during the Han Dynasty.

关 键 词：豚脂 诸绝 靡谷 去热 羊矢(屎)尽索 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]