中锰Fe-Mn-Al-C钢强化机制研究进展与Q&P处理应用展望  

Progress on strengthening mechanism of medium-manganese Fe-Mn-Al-C steel and prospects for Q&P process

作　　者：马涛 霍力图 董鑫平 张宏博 李运刚 MA Tao;HUO Litu;DONG Xinping;ZHANG Hongbo;LI Yungang(College of Metallurgy and Energy,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,Hebei,China;College of Iron and Steel Carbon Neutrality,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,Hebei,China;Tangshan Iron and Steel Group Co.,Ltd.,Tangshan 063000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学冶金与能源学院,河北唐山063210 [2]华北理工大学钢铁碳中和学院,河北唐山063210 [3]唐山钢铁集团有限责任公司,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《中国冶金》2025年第2期1-12,共12页China Metallurgy

基　　金：唐山市科技计划资助项目(22130223H);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51974129)。

摘　　要：轻量化是解决汽车行业大气污染,实现“碳达峰”“碳中和”的重要途径。锰质量分数为3%~12%的中锰Fe-Mn-Al-C钢因密度低、力学性能优良,且具备显著的低成本和生产加工优势,在汽车结构材料领域具有广阔应用前景。基于国内外研究现状系统介绍了中锰Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢的强化机制,总结了不同热处理工艺条件对中锰低密度钢力学性能和变形过程中残余奥氏体稳定性的影响和作用机理。结合研究现状指出目前中锰低密度钢力学性能较传统汽车用钢仍有差距,尚难满足整车应用需求。聚焦发展历史和研究现状归纳了淬火-配分工艺的特点,分析了淬火-配分钢的强化机制,从加热温度、淬火温度、配分温度、配分时间的角度探讨了影响中锰钢力学性能的因素。基于当前中锰Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢性能提升的需求并结合其元素组成和微观组织形貌特性,指出通过淬火-配分工艺可增加中锰Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢中残余奥氏体体积分数和稳定性,进而实现力学性能提升。未来需要关注的研究方向,一是如何设计合理的Q&P工艺参数避免钢中粗大的κ-碳化物析出,二是需探究中锰低密度钢中κ-碳化物强化与TRIP效应之间是否存在多元强化机制的协同作用,三是查清Q&P处理是否会通过影响原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸大小等进而改变相变过程中马氏体组织的不均匀性,以及不同马氏体亚结构特性对残余奥氏体形核位点和形貌特征的作用规律,以为该工艺在生产中的普及和优化改进提供参考。Lightweight is an important path for the automotive industry to address the air pollution problems and deliver on the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.The medium-manganese low-density steel,with Mn mass fraction of 3%to 12%,has low costs and good processing performance,showing excellent potentials for development and application in the field of automotive steel.The strengthening mechanism of medium-manganese Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steel was systematically introduced based on the current research status at home and abroad,while the influence and mechanism of heat treatment process on the mechanical performance and strengthening mechanism of medium-manganese low-density steel were comprehensively summarized.In addition,the stability of residual austenite during deformation process was discussed.The characteristics of quenching and partitioning(Q&P)were analyzed according to the development process and current situation.The strengthening mechanism for quenched and proportioned steel was explored along with the influencing factors of mechanical properties of medium-manganese steel from such perspectives as heating temperature,quenching temperature,partitioning temperature and partitioning time.Based on the urgent need of boosting the comprehensive performance of medium-manganese Fe-Mn-Al-C lightweight steel,and on account of its element composition and microstructure characteristics,the volume fraction and stability of residual austenite in medium manganese Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steel can be increased by Q&P process,as well as the mechanical performance will be enhanced,is proposed.The future research directions deserving attention need to be paid attention,firstly,reasonable Q&P process need to be controlled to avoid the precipitation of coarseκ-carbides in steel;secondly,the synergistic effect betweenκ-carbide strengthening and TRIP effect in medium-manganese need to be explored;finally,the effect of Q&P process on the size of original austenite grains and the non-uniformity of the martensitic struc

关 键 词：Fe-Mn-Al-C 中锰 淬火-配分 TRIP效应 残余奥氏体 稳定性 

分 类 号：TG142.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]