铜电解不锈钢阴极板改进的生产实践  

Improved production practices for copper electrolysis stainless steel cathode plate

作　　者：朱杰 董开拓 伏浩锋 黄健康[2] 樊丁[2] ZHU Jie;DONG Kaituo;FU Haofeng;HUANG Jiankang;FAN Ding(Jinchuan Group Copper and Precious Metals Co.,Ltd.,Jinchang 737100,Gansu,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]金川集团铜贵有限公司,甘肃金昌737100 [2]兰州理工大学省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《中国冶金》2025年第2期132-139,共8页China Metallurgy

基　　金：甘肃省联合基金资助项目(24 JRRC005)。

摘　　要：铜电解永久不锈钢阴极法因其自动化程度高、生产成本低等优点,已广泛应用于铜冶炼行业。然而,诸如悬垂度、短路率及铜析出质量等关键技术指标仍需进一步优化,才能提升铜电解的电流效率并降低生产成本。因此,选用316L_2D、JCPMn8_2D这2种材质及圆角、方角导电棒的不锈钢阴极板,开展不锈钢阴极板的电解试验,对不锈钢阴极板的铜析出质量、槽电压、阴极板电流、电解前后阴极板电阻、短路率和电流效率等综合性能进行分析。结果表明,不同结构和材质的不锈钢阴极板电解前后电阻和槽电压变化较小;不锈钢阴极板选用圆角导电棒不锈钢阴极板并控制基板中的Mn元素含量,可以改变铜结粒分布范围和尺寸,其最大结粒尺寸由38 mm缩减至30 mm;不锈钢阴极板的短路率从27.10%下降至14.38%,电流效率从90.52%提高至97.60%。研究结果可为选择最佳不锈钢阴极板生产工艺、提高铜电解过程中的电流效率、降低返修成本提供参考。The permanent stainless steel cathode method for copper electrolysis has been widely used in the copper smelting industry due to its advantages,such as high degree of automation and low production cost.However,key technical indicators such as overhang,short circuit rate and copper precipitation quality still need to be further optimized to improve the current efficiency of copper electrolysis and reduce production costs.Therefore,stainless steel cathode plates made of two materials,316L_2D and JCPMn8_2D,and rounded(square)conductive rods were selected,and electrolysis tests on stainless steel cathode plates were carried out.The comprehensive performance of the stainless steel cathode plate,such as copper precipitation quality,cell voltage,cathode plate current,cathode plate resistance before and after electrolysis,short circuit rate and current efficiency,was analyzed.The results show that the resistance and cell voltage of stainless steel cathode plates with different structures and materials change little before and after electrolysis,the selection of rounded conductive rod stainless steel cathode plates and controlling the Mn content in the substrate can change the distribution range and size of copper nodules,and the maximum nodule size is reduced from 38 mm to 30 mm,the short-circuit rate of the stainless steel cathode plate is reduced from 27.10%to 14.38%,and the current efficiency is increased from 90.52%to 97.60%.The research results can provide a reference for selecting the best stainless steel cathode plate production process,improving the current efficiency in the copper electrolysis process,and reducing the rework cost.

关 键 词：电解铜 不锈钢阴极板 悬垂度 导电棒 电流效率 

分 类 号：TG1[金属学及工艺—金属学]