1995-2019年香格里拉市高寒草甸景观格局和潜在生产力变化特征研究  

Changes in Landscape Patterns and Potential Productivity of Alpine Meadows in Shangri-La from 1995 to 2019

作　　者：王晓蓉 崔媛 张勇[1,2] 许建伟[3] 岳海涛[1,2] 吴凯婷 曾昊 武慧敏 Wang Xiaorong;Cui Yuan;Zhang Yong;Xu Jianwei;Yue Haitao;Wu Kaiting;Zeng Hao;Wu Huimin(National Plateau Wetlands Research Center,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming Yunnan 650233,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation,Restoration and Ecological Services,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming Yunnan 650233,China;Hunan University of Arts and Science,Changde Hunan 415000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学国家高原湿地研究中心,云南昆明650233 [2]西南林业大学云南省高原湿地保护修复与生态服务重点实验室,云南昆明650233 [3]湖南文理学院,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《西南林业大学学报(自然科学)》2025年第1期106-116,共11页Journal of Southwest Forestry University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0307)资助;国家自然科学基金项目(31901394,31560181)资助。

摘　　要：基于Landsat冬季遥感影像,提取1995-2019年香格里拉市高寒草甸的空间分布范围并计算草甸景观格局指数、根据水热条件估算高寒草甸的潜在净初级生产力(NPP),分析上述指数的变化特征及其与气候和社会经济因素的关系。结果表明:1995-2019年香格里拉市气候呈暖干化趋势,社会经济指标快速发展。整体来看,香格里拉市高寒草甸面积从1995年1 058.73 km^(2)下降到2019年755.35 km^(2),草甸潜在NPP从96.1×10^(4) t/a下降到58.7×10^(4) t/a,这2个指标与区域平均气温、人口数量、第一产业GDP、第二产业GDP、第三产业GDP和大家畜存栏量呈负相关,与年降水量呈正相关;分区域来看,草甸面积和潜在NPP的变化过程具有明显的空间异质性,且这种异质性与气候暖干化的空间异质性高度重合。香格里拉市高寒草甸景观呈破碎化趋势,破碎化程度与气温和社会经济指标呈正相关,与降水量呈负相关。在气候暖干化和人为干扰强度增加的背景下,香格里拉市高寒草甸正在经历明显的退化过程。In this study,the distribution of alpine meadows in Shangri-La from 1995 to 2019 was firstly ex-tracted based on Landsat winter remote sensing images,then the landscape pattern indices of alpine meadows were calculated,and the potential net primary productivity(NPP)of alpine meadows was estimated based on annu-al temperature and precipitation conditions.Finally,the changes in these above indices and their relationships with climatic and socioeconomic factors were analyzed.The results showed that from 1995 to 2019,there was a trend of climatic warming and drying in Shangri-La.And the indices of socio-economic in this region developed rap-idly.Overall,the area of alpine meadows in Shangri-La declined from 1058.73 km^(2) in 1995 to 755.35 km^(2) in 2019,and the potential NPP of alpine meadows declined from 96.1×10^(4) t/a to 58.7×10^(4) t/a.These 2 indicators were negatively correlated with annual temperature,population size,GDP of primary industry,GDP of secondary industry,GDP of tertiary industry,and the inventory of large livestock,while they were positively correlated with annual precipitation.Moreover,the changes in area and potential NPP of alpine meadows showed obvious spatial heterogeneity,and this heterogeneity was highly overlapped with the spatial heterogeneity of climatic warming and drying.And the landscapes of alpine meadows in Shangri-La showed a trend of fragmentation,and the de-gree of fragmentation was positively correlated with annual temperature and socio-economic indicators,but negat-ively correlated with annual precipitation.This study shows that the alpine meadows in Shangri-La are undergo-ing significant degradation under the background of climate warming and drying and the increased intensity of an-thropogenic disturbances.

关 键 词：香格里拉 高寒草甸 景观格局 净初级生产力 气候暖干化 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]