实施2剂次水痘疫苗接种程序后水痘流行特征分析  

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of varicella after introduction of a 2-dose varicella vaccine schedule

作　　者：杜倩明 周芳静 黄宇迪 卢英杰 陈翠桃 潘宇韵 廖志远 DU Qianming;ZHOU Fangjing;HUANG Yudi;LU Yingjie;CHEN Cuitao;PAN Yuyun;LIAO Zhiyuan(Department of Prevention Healthcare,the Fifth People's Hospital of Nanhai District Foshan,Foshan,Guangdong 528200,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]佛山市南海区第五人民医院预防保健科,广东佛山528200 [2]广东省结核病控制中心 [3]佛山市南海区疾病预防控制中心 [4]广东省中西医结合医院

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2025年第4期340-344,349,共6页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：广东省医学科研基金项目(A2023466);佛山市卫健局医学科研课题(20220398)。

摘　　要：目的分析佛山市南海区实施水痘疫苗(varicella vaccine,VarV)2剂次接种程序前后水痘的流行特征,了解水痘突破病例的发生情况及疫苗接种对突破病例疾病特征的影响。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对VarV 1剂次接种程序(2015—2017年)和VarV 2剂次接种程序(2019—2021年)时期的水痘发病病例和突破病例资料进行分析,采用χ^(2)检验对发病率进行比较,发病趋势的比较采用趋势χ^(2)检验。结果接种程序调整前,水痘发病率呈明显上升趋势,接种程序调整后,水痘发病率呈明显下降趋势,接种程序调整后水痘年平均发病率显著降低,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=355.619,P<0.001)。接种程序调整前后,水痘病例在年龄、居住地和职业分布的构成情况方面,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=341.573、106.350、410.089,均P<0.001)。发生突破病例7216例(VarV 1剂次7019例、VarV 2剂次197例),占全部病例的30.22%。接种程序调整前后,突破病例均以5~<10岁年龄组(χ^(2)=36.076,P<0.001)、学生(χ^(2)=32.235,P<0.001)为主。接种程序调整后突破病例的时间间隔以<3年为主(83.25%),接种程序调整前以>5年为主(70.08%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=688.177,P<0.001)。结论佛山市南海区的水痘发病率在VarV实施2剂次接种程序期间较VarV 1剂次时明显下降。0~<15岁的学生和儿童是水痘尤其是水痘突破病例的重点防控人群。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella before and after the introduction of a 2-dose varicella vaccine(VarV)schedule in Nanhai District,Foshan City,and to understand the occurrence of breakthrough cases of varicella and the impact of vaccination on the disease characteristics of breakthrough cases.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of varicella incidence cases and breakthrough cases during the 1-dose VarV schedule(2015-2017)and 2-dose VarV schedule(2019-2021)periods.Theχ^(2)test was used to compare the incidence rates,and the trendχ^(2)test was used to compare the incidence trends.Results Before the adjustment of vaccination procedure,the incidence rate of varicella showed a significant upward trend,and after the adjustment of vaccination procedure,the incidence rate of varicella showed a significant downward trend.The annual average incidence rate of varicella was significantly reduced after the adjustment of vaccination procedure,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=355.619,P<0.001).Before and after the adjustment of vaccination procedure,the composition of varicella cases in terms of age,place of residence and occupational distribution was statistically significant(χ^(2)=341.573,106.350,410.089,all P<0.001).A total of 7216 breakthrough cases occurred(7019 cases with 1-dose VarV and 197 cases with 2-dose VarV),accounting for 30.22%of all cases.Before and after the adjustment of vaccination procedure,breakthrough cases were mainly aged 5-<10 years group(χ^(2)=36.076,P<0.001)and students(χ^(2)=32.235,P<0.001).The time interval between breakthrough cases after the adjustment of vaccination procedure was mainly<3 years(83.25%),while before the adjustment of vaccination procedure,it was mainly>5 years(70.08%),with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=688.177,P<0.001).Conclusion The incidence rate of varicella in Nanhai District,Foshan City during the introduction of the 2-dose VarV schedule is significantly lower than t

关 键 词：水痘 流行病学特征 水痘疫苗2剂次 突破病例 分析 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学] R181.2[医药卫生—临床医学]