榆林市某县艾滋病流行现状研究及防制策略探索  

Study on the current situation of AIDS epidemic and exploration of prevention and control strategies in a county of Yulin City

作　　者：赵蓉 史伟[2] 翟飞飞 李锐 雷晓艳 白婷 赵保钟 钟瑞 ZHAO Rong;SHI Wei;ZHAI Feifei;LI Rui;LEI Xiaoyan;BAI Ting;ZHAO Baozhong;ZHONG Rui(STD and AIDS Prevention and Control Section,Yulin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]榆林市疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病防治科,陕西榆林719000 [2]陕西省疾病预防控制中心 [3]西安市疾病预防控制中心 [4]子洲县疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2025年第4期345-349,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2020JM-700)。

摘　　要：目的通过流行病学现况调查,了解榆林市某县艾滋病流行现状,为制定有效的防控措施提供依据。方法对榆林市某县2018—2020年通过国家疾病预防控制信息系统报告的现住址为当地的HIV/AIDS病例进行面对面流行病学调查,并对基层医务人员、城乡居民进行艾滋病防治知识知晓率、医务人员随访态度调查。采用占比对分类变量进行描述,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果榆林市某县HIV/AIDS病例以男性、50岁及以上人群为主,文化程度以初中及以下人群为主(83.84%),职业分布以农民及民工为主(67.68%),配偶感染HIV的比例为40.63%;HIV感染以本地传播为主,嫖客、男男性行为者居多,性接触史以非婚商业/非商业性行为为主,且安全套使用率极低;病例发现以被动发现为主,主动发现病例的占比较小;HIV/AIDS病例抗病毒治疗疗效较好;基层医务人员及城乡居民艾滋病知识知晓率均较低,培训前后医务人员艾滋病知识知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.720,P<0.05)。结论榆林市某县人群艾滋病知识知晓率较低、防护意识差、HIV/AIDS病例发现渠道有限、未能做到早发现、早治疗,使HIV在县区、家庭内不断扩散并造成快速传播。进一步做好艾滋病防治知识高质量宣传教育、综合干预,治疗关怀和检测筛查工作是控制艾滋病高发的重要防控策略。Objective To understand the current AIDS epidemic in a county of Yulin City through an epidemiological status quo investigation and provide a foundation for formulating effective prevention and control measures.Methods A face-to-face epidemiological survey was conducted on HIV/AIDS cases with a local current address reported in a county of Yulin City from 2018 to 2020 via the national disease prevention and control information system.The survey also examined the rate of awareness of HIV/AIDS prevention knowledge among medical personnel and urban and rural residents,as well as the attitudes of medical professionals regarding follow-up visits.Percentages were used to describe categorical variables,and the Chi-square test was employed for rate comparisons.Results The majority of HIV/AIDS cases were male and aged 50 years and above in a county of Yulin City.The culturd level was mainly among the population with junior high school and below(83.84%).The predominant occupations were farming and migrant labor(67.68%).The percentage of spouses infected with HIV was 40.63%.Local transmission was the primary mode of HIV spread,with the majority of infections occurring among commercial sex workers and men who have sex with men.Sexual contact was mainly through non-marital commercial or non-commercial sexual behaviors,with a very low rate of condom use.Most HIV/AIDS cases were detected passively,with smaller percentage of active case discovery being relatively rare.The efficacy of antiviral treatment outcomes for HIV/AIDS patients were generally favorable.However,both medical staff and urban and rural residents had low levels of the rate of awareness of HIV/AIDS knowledge.The difference in rates of awareness of HIV/AIDS knowledge among medical personnel before and after the training was statistically significant(χ^(2)=16.720,P<0.05).Conclusion The rate of awareness of HIV/AIDS knowledge in population of a county of Yulin City is lower,with a poor sense of protection and limited detection channels of HIV/AIDS cases,failure to

关 键 词：HIV 艾滋病 调查 分析 流行病学特征 高危行为 危险因素 知晓率 研究 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]