康熙年间穆克登勘定的图们江源新考  

A New Textual Research on the Source of the Tumen River Demarcated by Mukden during the Kangxi Period

作　　者：倪屹 NI Yi(College of History and Culture,Baicheng Normal University,Baicheng Jilin 137000,China)

机构地区：[1]白城师范学院历史文化学院,吉林白城137000

出　　处：《北疆文化研究》2024年第6期64-70,共7页Chinese Northern Boderland Culture Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“清代图们江边防研究”(编号:20BZS142)

摘　　要：清康熙五十一年,乌喇总管穆克登会同朝鲜官员,探测界河鸭绿江、图们江水源,并在所认两源分水岭处建立石碑。从现存朝鲜官员的日记以及《康熙皇舆全览图》反映的信息看,穆克登初定图们江正源时,以鸭绿江源胭脂川为参照物,并将初始东流的松花江支源黑石沟误认成图们江的起点,但在立碑之后,穆克登复勘碑东水流发现了黑石沟下游的真正流向。于是,穆克登前往黑石沟以南、木头峰下的断流水——木石河,最终将木石河的南支至断流处再至大浪河定为图们江源头。穆克登所立石碑铭文中的“东为土门”与石碑现址以东的黑石沟两者之间并非对应关系。《康熙皇舆全览图》描绘的图们江源流,在一定程度上反映了穆克登的查边结果,但图中标注的“土门江色禽”,系转抄朝鲜宫廷的地图所成,并不能解为穆克登终定的图们江正源。In the 51st year of the Kangxi reign during the Qing Dynasty,Mukden,the supervisor-in-chief of Ula,together with Korean officials,explored the sources of the Yalu and Tumen Rivers,and built a stele at the watershed of their recognized sources.Based on the records of the then relevant Korean officials and the depiction of the Tumen River in Kangxi Imperial Atlas of China,we can infer that while erecting the stele,Mukden used the Yanzhi River,the source of the Yalu River,as a reference and mistakenly believed that the Heishigou,an eastward-flowing tributary,was the source of the Tumen River.However,after the erection of the stele,Mukden resurveyed the watercourse east of the stele and discovered the true downstream course of Heishigou.Subsequently,Mukden proceeded to the intermittent flow south of Heishigou,beneath Mutou Peak,known as the Mushi River.He ultimately identified the southern branch of the Mushi River,extending to its broken flow and further to the Dalang River,as the source of the Tumen River.The inscription East is the Tumen River on the stele erected by Mukden does not correspond to Heishigou,located to the east of the stele's current site.The source and course of the Tumen River depicted in the Kangxi Imperial Atlas of China to some extent reflected the Mukden's investigation results,but the label Tumen River Seqin was transcribed from a map taken from the then Korean court and cannot be explained as the final Tumen River source determined by Mukden.

关 键 词：穆克登 图们江源 《康熙皇舆全览图》 大浪河 玉沙河 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] K901.9[历史地理—中国史]