女方婚姻支付行为变迁与女儿养老的生成——基于农村纯女户家庭养老实践的考察  

The Change of the Wife's Marriage Payment Behavior and the Generation of Daughter's Pension:Based on the Practice of Rural Pure Female Family Nursing

作　　者：崔盼盼 陈燕梅 CUI Panpan;CHEN Yanmei(School of Quality Education,Northwest A&F University,Xianyang 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学人文社会发展学院,咸阳712100

出　　处：《家政学刊》2024年第4期257-266,共10页Journal of Home Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(22CRK009)

摘　　要：随着社会变迁和家庭结构转变,传统的赡养规则已不足以应对农民家庭的养老需求,纯女户家庭的养老问题日益凸显。对鄂西村庄的调研发现,计划生育政策的实施极大程度上降低了农村家庭的生育水平,家庭人口结构与传统的家庭养老伦理之间出现张力,纯女户家庭面临着女儿养老正当化的现实困境,农村家庭策略性地援引婚姻支付形式,即提升嫁妆支付水平来推动家庭养老功能的实现。女方婚姻支付水平的提升,建构了趋于平衡化的姻亲秩序,形塑了互惠型的代际关系,并改变了地方社会养老规则,塑造了实践性的家庭养老秩序。在这一新型养老秩序中,女儿在获取娘家代际资源支持的同时也需承担养老责任,女儿养老的家庭合理性和社会合法性得以建构。当前阶段,我国普遍进入低生育率时代,探讨农村家庭的结构适应、功能调适以及秩序整合的内在机制与逻辑,有助于重新认识家庭在现代化过程中的策略性和灵活性,并为审视低生育率背景下家庭制度变迁提供了切入口。With social changes and the transformation of family structures,the traditional elderly-support rules are no longersufficient to meet the pension needs of rural families.As a result,the pension problems of families with only daughters have become increasingly prominent.A survey of villages in western Hubei reveals that the implementation of the family-planning policy has significantly decreased the fertilityrate in rural families.This has led to a tension between the family population structure and the traditional family—based elderly-care ethics.Families with only daughters are confronted with the practical dilemma of justifying their daughters'role in elderly care.Rural families,as a strategic move,resort to the form of marriage related payments,specifically by increasing the level of dowry payments,to facilitate the realization of family-based elderly-care functions.The increase in the level of a woman's marriage related payments has established a more balanced in-law relationship order,shaped a reciprocal intergenerational relationship,changed the local social pension rules,and shaped a practical family pension order.In this new elderly-care orde,daughters need to assume the responsibility for the elderly care while obtaining the intergenerational resource support of their parents,and the family rationality and social legitimacy of the aged daughters are constructed.At the current stage,China has generally entered the era of low fertility rate.Exploring the internal mechanisms and logic of structural adaptation,functional adjustment and order integration of rural families will help to re-understand the strategy and flexibility of families in the process of modernization,and provide an entrance for examining family institutional changes under the background of low fertility rate.

关 键 词：纯女户家庭 婚姻支付 女儿养老 家庭自主性 

分 类 号：C193.13[社会学]