“成家”“立业”孰为先——中国居民婚育数据变迁与原因探索  

Which Comes First:“Starting a Family”or“Establishing a Career”?—Exploring the Changes and Causes of Marriage and Childbearing Data of China

作　　者：周含 陈姝宏[1] ZHOU Han;CHEN Shuhong(Jilin Academy of Social Sciences,Changchun 130033,Chin)

机构地区：[1]吉林省社会科学院社会学研究所,长春130033

出　　处：《家政学刊》2024年第2期92-103,共12页Journal of Home Economics

基　　金：吉林省社会科学院东北地区建设婚育友好型社会助力人口高质量发展研究项目(202404)

摘　　要：中国“十四五”规划提出,要实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略,推动实现适度生育水平。近年计划生育政策逐渐转向鼓励生育,但婚姻与生育的数据仍整体呈下降趋势,其中原因除经济发展局势的影响外,更与社会文化与婚育观念变化紧密相关。本文运用人口学方法分析了中国改革开放之后的人口普查与民政统计数据,通过妇女生育水平、年龄别结离婚率、受教育程度与初婚年龄关联等数据的计算与展示,探讨了在经济、社会与文化等多方面因素影响下,中国人民生活观念与生活质量的变化过程,及其对婚姻和生育行为的影响机制,并对未来的婚育环境在社会氛围、托育服务、教育政策等方面的改善进行了展望。China’s 14th Five-Year Plan proposes a national strategy to proactively address the aging population problem and promote the realization of an appropriate fertility level.In recent years,the birth control policy has gradually shifted to encouraging childbearing,but the data on marriage and fertility reveal an overall decreasing trend,which is not only due to the influence of the economic development situation,but also closely related to the changes in social culture and the concept of marriage and childbearing.This paper analyzes the population census and civil affairs statistics after China’s reform and opening-up policy by demographic methods.Through the calculation and presentation of the data on women’s fertility level,age-specific marriage and divorce rates,and the correlation between education level and age at first marriage,the paper explores the changing process in Chinese people’s conception of life and quality of life under the influence of economic,social,and cultural factors,as well as the mechanism of its influence on marital and childbearing behaviors.It also looks forward to the future improvement of the marriage and childbearing environment in terms of social atmosphere,childcare services and education policies.

关 键 词：婚姻行为 生育行为 婚育观念 婚育环境 

分 类 号：C913.1[经济管理]