污名化与合法化:我国家政学职业主义的历史论争  

Stigmatization and Legitimation:a Historical Debate on The Professionalism of Home Economics in China

作　　者：毛丽丹 刘爱玉[1] MAO Lidan;LIU Aiyu(Department of Sociology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系,北京100871

出　　处：《家政学刊》2024年第1期27-36,共10页Journal of Home Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21BSH080)

摘　　要：我国家政学职业主义的历史论争具体展现了家政学内在的合法化和污名化基础,对家政学的历史发展产生了重要影响,也对当前家政学的发展方向具有启示意义。我国家政学的发展历程主要有四个时期,即在清末时期和民国时期从外来移植到本土化,这时贤妻良母职业主义与社会服务职业主义分庭抗礼,在新中国初期贤妻良母职业主义受到革命性批判,学科发展中断,至改革开放后商业化职业主义兴起,学科恢复重建。西学为用、科学家政、科学生活的知识观,兴起女性教育、培养女性精英的性别观,强国强种、社会服务、经济价值、社会建设的公共性职业伦理指向,构成了家政学在不同时期的合法化基础。经验主义的知识观,培养贤妻良母、性别化的性别观,家庭私领域、阶级特权、私人化的非公共性职业伦理指向,构成了家政学在不同时期的污名化基础。当前,我国家政学迎来了前所未有的发展机会,需要基于新的职业主义来实现去污名化并夯实学科合法性,即在知识观层面以专业化和知识整合破除经验主义污名,在性别观层面以性别敏感教育破除性别化污名,在职业伦理层面以公共性和社会性的职业价值破除私人化污名。In China,the historical debate of professionalism reflects the basis of legitimation and stigmatization of home economics,which had an important impact on the historical development of home economics,and also had an enlightening significance for the current development direction of home economics.There are mainly four periods in the development of Chinese home economics.During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,home economics was transplanted from the foreign countries.At this time,professionalism of virtuous wives and good mothers was competing with professionalism of social service.In the early days of the People's Republic of China,professionalism of virtuous wives and good mothers was criticized,and the discipline of home economics was cancelled.Since the reform and opening-up,commercial professionalism has arisen and the discipline of home economics was rebuilt.The basis of the legitimation of home economics has different manifestations in different periods,including:western learning for practical application,scientific household and scientific life in the knowledge view;female education and training of female elites in the gender view;public orientation in the professional-ethic view,such as strengthening the country,social service,economic value and social construction.The stigmatization basis of home economics also has different manifestations in different periods.In the view of knowledge,it shows empiricism;in the view of gender,it shows the cultivation of virtuous wives and good mothers,and gender stereotype;and in the view of professional ethics,it points to the private fields such as family or individuals,and class privilege.At present,China's home economics has an unprecedented development opportunity.The development of home economics needs to realize the destigmatization and consolidate the legitimacy of the discipline based on the new professionalism.That is to say,in terms of knowledge view,it needs professional and integrated knowledge to break the empirical stigma;in terms of gender

关 键 词：家政学 职业主义 职业污名 职业合法性 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理]