论民用航空器机长的权力行使——基于“合理性”标准的分析  

On the Exercise of Power to Civil Aircraft Commanders:An Analysis Based on the“Reasonableness Standard”

作　　者：王旭 Wang Xu

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学法学院

出　　处：《京师法学》2023年第1期245-270,共26页

摘　　要：《东京公约》第六条赋予民用航空器机长对危及航空安全的人采取合理措施的权力,但并未明确“合理”要件的具体判断标准。域外司法实践对这一标准形成了高度尊重、客观理性以及任意武断三种不同的解释路径。为探寻“合理”要件的真意,应立足于《东京公约》的制定目的,以平衡航空器安全利益和成员个人利益为出发点,将机长采取措施的目的性、必要性以及保障个人权利三个具体要素作为判断“合理性”的要件,以期在细化适用规则的同时形成国际统一的裁判规则。此外,在我国民航法治体系的现代化过程中,亦可以借鉴“三要素”判断方式,积极同国际接轨,辅以机长责任豁免等制度,以便最大限度地维护航空安全,更好地推动我国民航法治朝着体系化、规范化、国际化方向发展。The Article 6 of the Tokyo Convention empowers the aircraft commanders to take reasonable measures against people who jeopardize aviation safety,but without specifying the criteria of“reasonable”.In this regard,foreign judicial practice has formed three approaches to interpretation:highly deferential,reasonableness and arbitrary or capricious which led to opposite results in the application of concerning.In order to solve the issue of conflicting application,it is necessary to base on the purpose of the Tokyo Convention,holds the balance of aircraft safety and personal interests,and from the three specific elements of the purpose,necessity and protection of personal interests to estimate the rationality of aircraft commander when exercising power,which also helpful to form internationally uniform rules of adjudication while refining the rules of application,so as to maximize maintain the aviation safety and avoided excessive erosion of individual interests.

关 键 词：机长 权力行使 东京公约 合理性标准 民用航空法 

分 类 号：D993.4[政治法律—国际法学] D922.296[政治法律—法学]