氢能发展支持政策对比分析与对策建议  

Comparative Analysis and Countermeasures of Supporting Policies for Hydrogen Energy Development

作　　者：胡明禹 刘亦凡 高蕙雯 HU Mingyu;LIU Yifan;GAO Huiwen(SINOPEC Economics&Development Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100029,China;College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化集团经济技术研究院有限公司,北京100029 [2]中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院,北京102249

出　　处：《能源化工财经与管理》2024年第1期25-33,共9页

摘　　要：全球能源绿色低碳转型背景下,氢能产业扩张势头强劲,促进绿氢产业高质量发展对中国具有重大战略意义。安全有序推进能源低碳转型需发挥绿氢重要作用,交通和工业等脱碳难度较高领域的碳中和行动亦依靠绿氢提供解决方案。从制氢、储氢、运氢、加氢、用氢、投融资和审批管理等方面对比分析国内外氢能支持政策,充分挖掘中国氢能产业链的政策空白点。国内外支持发展氢能的手段大同小异,海外在制度创新、政策力度、政策持续时间、政策覆盖广度上相对更优,而中国也出台了事后以奖代补和加氢站运营补贴等特色政策。最后,建议国家加快完善产业政策体系,制定绿氢发展路线图,在制备环节分阶段、分区域、分碳排放水平提供多种形式的政策支持,实行基于氢源认证体系的差异化加氢补贴,活跃消费市场,自下而上带动绿氢全产业链发展。同时,建议中国石化充分发挥氢能链长作用,与产业链上中下游企业深化互利合作,积极参与绿氢相关标准认定,加强氢能产业链的国际合作。As the global energy transition towards a green and low-carbon economy continues,the hydrogen industry is expanding strongly,and promoting the high-quality development of the green hydrogen industry is of great strategic significance to China.Hydrogen will play a vital role in the safe and orderly advancement of the low-carbon energy transformation,and will also provide solutions for carbon-neutral actions in areas where decarbonization is difficult,such as transport and industry.This paper compares and analyses domestic and international supporting policies for hydrogen in terms of the production,storage,transportation,refueling,and use of hydrogen,as well as investment,financing,approval,and management of related projects,to fully excavate policy potentials in China's hydrogen industry chain.The means to support the development of hydrogen are more or less the same at home and abroad,with overseas countries being relatively better in terms of system innovation,as well as the intensity,duration,and coverage breadth of policies,while China has also introduced characteristic policies such as awards replacement in place of compensations and operation subsidies for hydrogen refilling stations.Finally,it is suggested that China should accelerate the improvement of the industrial policy system,formulate a road map for the development of green hydrogen,and provide various forms of policy support in the preparation process,by stages,regions,and carbon emission levels.It is also suggested that China should implement differentiated hydrogen refueling subsidies based on the certification system of hydrogen,and enliven the consumer market to drive the development of the whole green hydrogen industry chain from the bottom up.At the same time,SINOPEC is recommended to give full play to the role of hydrogen chain leader,deepen mutually beneficial cooperation with upstream,midstream,and downstream enterprises in the industry chain,actively participate in the identification of green hydrogen-related standards,and strengthen inte

关 键 词：绿氢 氢能政策 财政补贴 氢能产业链 燃料电池电动汽车 

分 类 号：F426.2[经济管理—产业经济]