伊犁州推广应用褐牛性控冻精技术的效果分析  

Analysis on the effectiveness of promoting sex-sorted frozen semen technology in Xinjiang brown cattle in Yili Prefecture

作　　者：郭小萍 吐来力江·哈木太 赛热克·阿森 库尔巴尼·库尔马西 热西旦·阿布力孜 热沙拉提·托乎塔尤甫 王传军 吐尔逊江·吾木尔艾力 Guo Xiaoping;Tulailijiang Hamutai;Sairek Asen;Kuerbanni Kuermaxi;Rxidan Abulizi;Reshalati Tuohutayoufu;Wang Chuanjun;Tuerxunjiang Wumueraili(Animal Husbandry Station of Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture,Xinjiang Yining 835000;Agriculture(Animal Husbandry)Development Service Center of Tuost Township,Jimunai County,Xinjiang Altay 836800;Yili Chuangjin Ben Cattle Husbandry Co.,Ltd.,Xinjiang Qapqal 835300)

机构地区：[1]伊犁哈萨克自治州畜牧总站,新疆伊宁835000 [2]吉木乃县托斯特乡农业(畜牧业)发展服务中心,新疆阿勒泰836800 [3]伊犁创锦犇牛牧业有限公司,新疆察布查尔835300

出　　处：《现代畜牧兽医》2025年第2期64-67,共4页Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：自治区现代农业产业技术体系(XJARS-10-17);2025年自治区现代农业畜禽种业提升计划;自治区科技特派员农村科技创业行动项(20240910-D)。

摘　　要：试验旨在探究伊犁州推广褐牛性控冻精的使用效果。选择伊犁州4家新疆褐牛养殖场(户、合作社)饲养的营养状况良好,卵泡发育及发情周期正常,无生殖道疾病、流产史、传染性疾病等1164头新疆褐牛母牛,使用褐牛性控细管冻精进行人工授精,并与使用常规冻精配种的对照组母牛(1550头)对比受胎情况及产母犊数量。结果显示,使用性控冻精和常规冻精进行人工授精的褐牛受胎率分别达到49.48%、60.39%,产犊率分别为94.27%、95.30%,产母犊率分别为92.08%、51.35%。使用性控冻精的情况下,养殖场A褐牛受胎率(52.17%)、产犊率(96.17%)均最高,养殖合作社C产母犊率(94.12%)最高;2岁褐牛受胎率达到57.14%,高于3岁和4岁及以上的母牛。研究表明,推广使用褐牛性控冻精是增加新疆褐牛后备优质母牛数量的有效途径;此外,加强新疆褐牛母牛精细化管理、提高技术人员的配种水平、掌握母牛最佳配种时间,对提高性控冻精使用效果非常重要。综合不同年龄褐牛受胎、产犊数据,建议养殖场(户、合作社)使用性控冻精时优先选择2~3岁的新疆褐牛母牛。This study evaluated the application effectiveness of sex-sorted frozen semen in Xinjiang brown cattle breeding programs across four farms(households/cooperatives)in Yili Prefecture.A total of 1164 healthy cows meeting strict reproductive health criteria(normal follicular development,estrous cycles,no history of reproductive disorders)were artificially inseminated with sex-sorted semen,while 1550 cows served as controls using conventional semen.Key findings revealed that sex-sorted semen achieved a 49.48% conception rate(vs.60.39% in controls),94.27% calving rate(vs.95.30%),and a significantly higher female calf rate(92.08%vs.51.35%).Farm-specific analysis identified Farm A with the highest conception(52.17%)and calving rates(96.17%),while Cooperative C yielded the highest female calf rate(94.12%).Age-related efficacy showed two-year-old cows achieving a 57.14% conception rate,outperforming older cohorts.The study concludes that sex-sorted semen effectively enhances female calf production,with prioritized application in 2 to 3-year-old cows.Critical success factors include refined herd management,technician skill optimization,and precise breeding timing.These findings provide actionable insights for improving Xinjiang brown cattle breeding efficiency and genetic resource conservation.

关 键 词：新疆褐牛 性控冻精 受胎率 产犊率 

分 类 号：S814[农业科学—畜牧学]