莫斯科—喀山高速铁路沿线大气冻融指数时空变化特征  

Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of air freezing and thawing index along Moscow-Kazan High-Speed Railway

作　　者：张志超 游志浪 许健[1,2] 彭洋 GAGARIN L ZHANG Zhichao;YOU Zhilang;XU Jian;PENG Yang;GAGARIN L(College of Civil Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;Melnikov Permafrost Institute,Siberian Branch,Russian Academy of Sciences,Siberian 677010,Russia)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,陕西西安710055,中国 [2]西安建筑科技大学陕西省岩土与地下空间工程重点实验室,陕西西安710055,中国 [3]俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院梅尔尼科夫冻土研究所,俄罗斯西伯利亚677010

出　　处：《长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期15-27,共13页Journal of Changsha University of Science & Technology:Natural Science

基　　金：陕西高校青年创新团队(2023-2026);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2024JC-YBQN-0497);陕西省博士后基金(2023BSHEDZZ271);西安建筑科技大学人才引进科研启动经费(1960323022)。

摘　　要：【目的】莫斯科—喀山高速铁路(简称“莫喀高铁”)是我国参与的高纬度地区重要代表性工程,因此有必要掌握沿线地区气温特征以助力该工程的设计与建设。【方法】基于英国东英吉利大学气候研究中心(Climate Research Unit,CRU)的1901—2021年CRU格点数据月平均气温数据集,研究了莫喀高铁沿线地区的气温冻融指数变化趋势及空间变化特征。【结果】莫喀高铁沿线地区1901—2021年年冻结指数平均值为411.23~1773.70℃·d,总体呈波动下降趋势;年融化指数平均值为2223.69~3170.31℃·d,总体呈波动上升趋势。这表明1901—2021年莫喀高铁沿线地区的年平均气温是逐渐升高的。在空间分布上,莫喀高铁沿线地区1901—2021年的多年平均冻结指数呈明显的由西向东递增的趋势,多年平均冻结指数为841.55~1360.13℃·d,而该地区多年平均融化指数整体相差不大,为2654.40~2748.63℃·d,由中部向东西两侧递增。这表明:自下诺夫哥罗德到莫斯科地区,气温逐渐降低,而自下诺夫哥罗德到喀山地区,气温逐渐升高;莫喀高铁沿线地区气温自西向东逐渐升高,莫斯科地区升温相对不明显,而喀山是升温最明显的地区。【结论】采用CRU格点气温数据集来研究莫喀高铁沿线地区大气冻融指数时空变化特征是一种较为有效的手段,可为研究该高速铁路沿线地区的气候变化特征、冻土状态和其他工程建设提供科学借鉴。[Purposes]The Moscow-Kazan High-Speed Railway is a key representative project at high latitude regions in which Chinese enterprises have participated.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the air temperature characteristics along the route to help the design and construction of this project.[Methods]Based on the monthly average air temperature dataset of CRU grid data from the Climate Research Unit(CRU)of the University of East Anglia(UEA)between 1901 and 2021,the variation trend and spatial variation characteristics of air temperature freezing and thawing index along Moscow-Kazan High-Speed Railway were studied.[Findings]In the Moscow-Kazan High-Speed Railway region,the average annual freezing index from 1901 to 2021 fluctuates between 411.23℃·d and 1773.70℃·d and shows an overall decreasing trend.Simultaneously,the average annual thawing index during the same period fluctuates between 2223.69℃·d and 3170.31℃·d and exhibits an overall increasing trend.This indicates that the annual average air temperature along the Moscow-Kazan High-Speed Railway has been gradually increasing from 1901 to 2021.In terms of spatial distribution,the multi-year average freezing index in the Moscow-Kazan High-Speed Railway region demonstrates a clear increasing trend from west to east between 1901 and 2021.The multi-year average freezing index ranges from 841.55℃·d to 1360.13℃·d.The multi-year average thawing index in the region shows relatively little variation overall,ranging from 2654.40℃·d to 2748.63℃·d,increasing slightly from the central region towards both the eastern and western sides.This suggests that from Nizhny Novgorod to Moscow,the air temperature gradually decreases,while from Nizhny Novgorod to Kazan,the air temperature gradually increases.The air temperature along the Moscow-Kazan High-Speed Railway is gradually rising from west to east.The warming trend is relatively less pronounced in the Moscow region,whereas the Kazan region stands out as the area with the most noticeable air temperature

关 键 词：莫喀高铁沿线地区 月平均气温 冻结指数 融化指数 时空变化特征 冻土变化 

分 类 号：U212[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]