基于功率因数变化的电抗器匝间短路故障检测  

Turn-to-turn short circuit fault detection of reactor based on changes in power factor

作　　者：张立志 王晓 龙崦平 王寅 唐维 黄晓夏 陈卫 王媛媛[2] ZHANG Lizhi;WANG Xiao;LONG Yanping;WANG Yin;TANG Wei;HUANG Xiaoxia;CHEN Wei;WANG Yuanyuan(Ultra High Voltage Substation Company,State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co.,Ltd.Changsha 410004,China;School of Electrical&Information Engineering,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,China;NARI-TECH Nanjing Control Systems Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 211100,China)

机构地区：[1]国网湖南省电力有限公司超高压变电公司,湖南长沙410004 [2]长沙理工大学电气与信息工程学院,湖南长沙410114 [3]国电南瑞南京控制系统有限公司,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期71-81,共11页Journal of Changsha University of Science & Technology:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52177069);国网湖南超高压变电公司科技项目(5216A321N018)。

摘　　要：【目的】为解决户外恶劣多变运行环境下干式空心电抗器匝间短路故障保护问题,提出了一种基于功率因数变化率的故障检测方法。【方法】首先,采用ANSYS Maxwell建立了干式空心电抗器有限元场路耦合模型,对电抗器不同圈层不同位置发生匝间短路故障的情况进行仿真,揭示了功率因数的变化规律;随后,采用谐波分析法计算功角,由多个功率因数变化率的波动情况,结合电抗器的不同故障类型,提出了一种基于功率因数变化率的干式空心电抗器匝间短路故障检测方法。【结果】当干式空心电抗器发生匝间短路时,短路匝数越多,功率因数变化率越大。当故障匝数相同时,在轴向上,故障位置越接近端部功率因数增大的幅度越小;在径向上,故障位置越靠近内层包封功率因数增大的幅度越小,其中最内层线圈端部发生单匝短路故障时的功率因数变化率最小,数值为6.7189%。考虑噪声影响,仿真发现故障后功率因数变化率超过6.7189%的个数均在20个以上,正常时该数量均不会超过20,因此取次数20为保护阈值。仿真验证所提出的故障检测方法在电抗器不同位置不同匝数发生匝间短路故障时均能发挥作用,可极大地提高户外干式空心电抗器的运行安全性。【结论】本文提出的故障检测方法可有效解决长期困扰工业界的电抗器故障特征微弱难以检测的问题,证明利用多个时刻功率因数变化率组合识别故障是一种更为有效的解决思路,能够为后续的研究提供参考。[Purposes]In order to achieve turn-to-turn short circuit fault protection of dry-type hollow reactor under harsh and variable outdoor operating environment,a fault detection method based on the rate of change of power factor was proposed.[Methods]Firstly,ANSYS Maxwell was used to establish a finite element field and circuit coupling model of a dry-type hollow reactor and simulate the occurrence of turn-to-turn short circuit faults at different locations in different circles of the reactor,which revealed the change rule of power factor.Then,harmonic analysis was adopted to calculate the power angle.According to the fluctuations in the rate of change of multiple power factors and the different types of faults of the reactor,a turn-to-turn short circuit fault detection method for the dry-type hollow reactor based on the rate of change of power factor was proposed.[Findings]When a dry-type hollow reactor has a turn-to-turn short circuit fault,the rate of change of power factor is large if there are more short-circuited turns.When the number of faulty turns is the same,in the axial direction,as the fault location is closer to the end,the magnitude of power factor increase gets small;in the radial direction,as the fault location is closer to the inner layer of the envelope,the magnitude of power factor increase gets small.In addition,the change in power factor is the most slight when a single-turn short circuit fault occurs in the innermost layer of the coil end,with a value of 6.7189%.With the effect of noise taken into account,the simulation finds that there are more than 20 locations with a rate of change of power factor exceeding 6.7189% after fault occurrence,and the number usually does not exceed 20 under normal operating conditions.Therefore,20 is taken as the protection threshold.Simulation verifies that the proposed fault detection method can correctly identify turn-to-turn short circuit faults at different locations in different circles,greatly improving the operational safety of outdoor dry-type hollow react

关 键 词：干式空心电抗器 匝间短路故障 有限元模型 谐波分析 功率因数角 

分 类 号：TM47[电气工程—电器]