基于AHP-熵权法的采煤矿区地下水系统环境风险预测与评价  

Environmental risk prediction and evaluation of groundwater system in mining area based on AHP-entropy Weight Method

作　　者：贾宁 Jia Ning(Shanxi Low-Carbon Environmental Protection Industry Group Co.,Ltd;Shanxi Province Innovation Center for Efficient Wastewater Treatment Technology,Taiyuan 030000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西低碳环保产业集团有限公司 [2]山西省污水高效治理技术创新中心,太原030000

出　　处：《环保科技》2025年第1期8-15,64,共9页Environmental Protection and Technology

摘　　要：煤炭资源的大规模开采对地下水系统造成了极大的破坏,这不仅加剧了水资源供需矛盾,污染了水环境,而且对所在区域及周边区域的生态环境及可持续发展造成了很大的影响。以山西省朔南矿区4#煤层为研究对象,选取含水层富水性、水质脆弱性及冒裂安全性3个指标,运用AHP层次分析法及熵权法,构建采煤矿区整体地下水系统环境风险评价指标体系,进而通过GIS空间叠加分析,对矿区整体地下水系统环境风险进行综合评价。研究表明:低风险和较低风险区位于煤炭开采区域,约占矿区70%以上;中等风险区主要是城区与井田区域的过渡区域,约占矿区20%;较高风险区主要为朔州市城市规划与水资源保护区覆盖区域,约占矿区10%。本研究方法综合考虑水质、水量和人类活动三个方面的影响,结果具有准确性和有效性,可为煤炭安全开采、矿区地下水资源保护、水环境风险评价提供理论参考。The large-scale exploitation of coal resources has caused significant damage to the groundwater system,exacerbating the imbalance between water supply and demand,polluting the water environment,and significantly impacting the ecological environment and sustainable development of the local and surrounding areas.Focusing on the 4#coal seam in the Shuonan mining area of Shanxi Province,we selected three indicators:aquifer water abundance,water quality vulnerability,and fracture safety.Utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and entropy weight method,we constructed an environmental risk assessment index system for the entire groundwater system in the coal mining area.Subsequently,through GIS spatial overlay analysis,we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental risks within the mining area's overall groundwater system.Our research reveals that low-risk and relatively low-risk areas are predominantly located within the coal mining region,encompassing over 70% of the mining area.Medium-risk areas primarily fall within the transitional zones between urban and mining regions,accounting for approximately 20% of the mining area.Higher-risk areas are primarily covered by urban planning and water resource protection zones in Shuozhou City,representing roughly 10% of the mining area.Our research methodology comprehensively considers the impacts of water quality,water quantity,and human activities,yielding accurate and effective results.These findings can serve as theoretical references for safe coal mining,underground water resource protection in mining areas,and water environment risk assessment.

关 键 词：矿区 地下水系统 环境风险 AHP 熵权法 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]