静态比较优势动态化的驱动力与历史经验——兼论发展新质生产力与提升产业链供应链韧性内因  

The Driving Forces and Historical Experience of Dynamization of Static Comparative Advantage

作　　者：刘乐易 曹越洋 蔡继明 LIU Leyi;CAO Yueyang;CAI Jiming

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学经济学院,浙江杭州310018 [2]首都经济贸易大学经济学院,北京100070 [3]清华大学社会科学学院,北京100084

出　　处：《学术月刊》2025年第2期67-76,共10页Academic Monthly

基　　金：2024年国家社会科学基金重大项目“数据要素参与分配的价值基础和实现形式研究”(24&ZD327);2023年国家社会科学基金重大项目“高标准数字经贸规则促进产业链与创新链深度融合的机制研究”(23&ZD085)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中共二十届三中全会《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》要求,要健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制,推动产业深度转型升级,健全提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平制度。新旧动能转换之际,又遭遇全球化逆流,中国现阶段政策似乎并不符合比较优势,与中国早期优先发展重工业战略有相通之处。基于从分工体系转变和产业链上下游博弈两个路径,可以具体分析历史上中国在早期优先发展重工业对经济的长期正向影响,以及静态比较优势动态化的驱动力。进一步,通过比较欧美老牌资本主义国家和亚洲新兴工业化国家特别是中印两国贸易政策的演变对经济发展的影响,为本研究提供了历史经验证据,由此得出中国发展新质生产力与提升产业链供应链韧性的驱动力与必然性。The Communique of the Third Plenary Session of the 2Oth Central Committee of the CPC calls for improving the institutions and mechanisms for fostering new quality productive forces in line with local conditions,promoting deep industrial transformation and upgrading,and enhancing the resilience and security of industrial and supply chains.At a time of transitioning between old and new growth drivers and facing countercurrents in globalization,current policies share similarities to China's early strategy of prioritizing heavy industry,which seems to be contradictory to the comparative advantage strategy.This paper analyzes the long-term positive impact of China's early heavy industry development on the economy through two paths:the transformation of the division of labor system and the dynamics of upstream and downstream industrial chains.It clarifies the driving forces behind the dynamization of static comparative advantage.Furthermore,by analyzing the impact of the evolution of trade policies in Western capitalist countries and emerging industrialized nations in Asia,particularly comparing China and India,this paper provides empirical evidence for the conclusions.Finally,it discusses the driving forces and the necessity of developing new quality productive forces and enhancing the resilience of China's industrial and supply chains.

关 键 词：静态比较优势 动态比较优势 分工体系转变 产业升级 新质生产力 

分 类 号：F14[经济管理—世界经济]