加强多元化食物生产系统植物工厂的人工智能创新  

Artificial intelligence innovation for smart plant factory to diversify its big food production functions

作　　者：龚化勤[1] 景海春[1] 谭鑫[2] 王宪辉[3] 张玉成[4] 林荣呈[1,5] 杨名宇 林双[1] 谢华玲 杨艳萍[6] 叶世堂[7] 李鹏 匡廷云 GONG Huaqin;JING Haichun;TAN Xin;WANG Xianhui;ZHANG Yucheng;LIN Rongcheng;YANG Mingyu;LIN Shuang;XIE Hualing;YANG Yanping;YE Shitang;LI Peng;KUANG Tingyun(Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130033,China;Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Institute of Computing Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Xianghu Laboratory,Hangzhou 311231,China;National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Fujian Sanan Sino-Science Photobiotech Co.Ltd.,Xiamen 361000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所饲草种质高效设计与利用全国重点实验室,北京100093 [2]中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,长春130033 [3]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101 [4]中国科学院计算技术研究所,北京100190 [5]湘湖实验室(农业浙江省实验室),杭州311231 [6]中国科学院文献情报中心,北京100190 [7]福建省中科生物股份有限公司,厦门361000

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2025年第2期338-349,共12页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1003200);黄三角国家农高区省级科技创新发展专项资金项目(2022SZX12)。

摘　　要：我国大食物安全面临日益严峻且复杂的多重挑战,粮食供需紧平衡、消费结构升级与资源约束交织。植物工厂是农业生产的高级形式,是摆脱“靠天吃饭”,应对灾害、战备、面向太空的多元化食物生产系统。然而,高成本极大地限制了植物工厂的应用和发展。人工智能的快速兴起将为植物工厂的创新发展与拓展应用带来新的契机。文章陈述了发展智慧植物工厂,建立多元化食物供给生产系统的战略意义,分析了植物工厂高成本的主要瓶颈在于一次性建筑投入大与折旧费用高,适生作物缺乏深度发掘与品种匮乏,生产过程高能耗与劳力成本,以及应用场景与产业模式狭窄等;指出人工智能在多元化食物生产、辅助育种、光源能源优化、精细环境控制、生产决策和任务管理等方面的创新优势,结合科学规划和政策引导,将打造多元化食物生产系统植物工厂的新生态。China's food security is facing more and more severe and complex challenges,such as tight balance between food demand and supply,the upgrading of consumption structure,and resource constraints.The plant factory is an advanced scenario in agricultural production,a diversified food production system that gets rid of the constraints of“ask for food from the mother nature"”and respond to disasters and wars,and is oriented to space.Nevertheless,the high cost greatly limits the application and development of plant factories.The rapid development of artificial intelligence will bring new opportunities for the innovative development and expansion of plant factories.This paper states the strategic significance of developing intelligent plant factories and establishing a diversified food supply and production system,and analyzes the main bottlenecks of high cost of plant factories are the lack of in-depth exploration of suitable crops and varieties,the high energy consumption and labor cost in the production process,the large one-time construction investment and high depreciation costs,and the narrow application scenarios and industrial models.It is pointed out that the innovative advantages of artificial intelligence in diversified food producing,assisted breeding,light source and energy optimization,precise environmental control,production decision and task management,combined with scientific planning and policy guidance,will create a new ecology of plant factories in a diversified food production system.

关 键 词：智慧植物工厂 适生作物品种 LED照明 精准环境控制 人工智能大模型 

分 类 号：S126[农业科学—农业基础科学] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]