论拉图尔的科学哲学批判——一项未完成的实验性工作  

On Latour's Critique of the Philosophy of Science:an Unfinished Experimental Work

作　　者：成家桢 CHENG Jia-zhen(School of Political Science and Public Administration,Soochow University,Suzhou 215123,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学政治与公共管理学院,苏州215123

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2025年第1期68-75,共8页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：拉图尔的哲学常常被理解为行动者的社会学或科学人类学,或被指责为反实在论或建构主义。然而,只要深入剖析其整个学术生涯,就可清晰辨识出上述解读均在一定程度上偏离了其核心旨趣,即重在科学哲学批判,而非构建科学哲学新体系。在实在论议题的引介下,拉图尔的批判工作被细化为三个方面:对“科学事实”的批判、认识论批判以及旨在“存在论化”的实验性工作。这些批判不仅针对理性主义科学哲学的传统窠臼,亦触及英美科学社会学的局限,乃至整个现代性机制的问题。正是在此背景下,拉图尔秉持“非还原原则”,逐渐充实行动者网络理论,深入探索多元的存在模式,为理解科学、技术与社会的关系奠定了全新的批判性视野。Latour's philosophy has often been understood as a sociology of actors or an anthropology of science,or even accused of being anti-realism and constructivism.However,by analysing his entire academic career,it is clear that these interpretations are to some extent a deviation from his core interest,which is to focus on the critique of the philosophy of science rather than the construction of a new system of it.Introduced by the debates of realism,Latour's critical work can be subdivided into three main aspects:the critique of'scientific facts',the critique of epistemology,and the experimental work aimed at ontologize'.These critiques not only deal with the traditions of rationalist philosophy of science,but also the limitations of Anglo-American sociology of science and the scheme of modernity.It is in this context that Latour,adhering to the principle of irreduction,gradually enriched the actor-network theory and explored multiple modes of existence,laying down a new critical horizon for the understanding of the relationship between science,technology and society.

关 键 词：拉图尔 科学哲学批判 实在论 去认识论化 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]