新西伯利亚学派与苏联科学哲学的兴起  

Novosibirsk School and the Rise of the Soviet Philosophy of Science

作　　者：万长松 WAN Chang-song(School of Marxism,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学马克思主义学院,无锡214122

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2025年第1期101-108,共8页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“20世纪60年代以来苏联(俄罗斯)科技哲学与科技史研究”(21&ZD062)。

摘　　要：新西伯利亚学派是罗佐夫教授在20世纪60—80年代创建并领导的科学哲学学派,对苏联科学哲学的形成和发展作出了独特贡献,对当今俄罗斯科学哲学仍有影响。起初,新西伯利亚学派把认识论理解为一门经验科学,并通过这样理解的认识论分析科学,关注的重点是科学抽象过程及其分类、科学实验的类型、各个科学领域的学科定义方法等问题。后来,在综合和发展了波兰尼和库恩哲学思想的基础上,罗佐夫尝试把社会接力这一概念引入科学哲学。他认为,社会接力理论源于包括知识在内的符号学对象存在方式的全球性问题,这一问题与文本在人文科学和认识论中的表现方式有关。文本既是一种物质现象(振荡的声波、纸上的油墨),又是一种具有涵义和意义的东西。对文本的理解取决于读者是否融入了建立在接力结构之上的社会规范世界,社会接力理论恰好提出了描述和分析该世界的语言。Novosibirsk School is a school of philosophy of science founded and led by Professor Rozov in the 1960s and 1980s,which made a unique contribution to the formation and development of the Soviet philosophy of science,and still has an influence on the current Russian philosophy of science.Initially,the Novosibirsk School understood epistemology as an empirical science and analyzed science through such an epistemology,focusing on issues such as scientific abstract processes and their classification,types of scientific experiments,and methods of discipline definition in various scientific fields.Later,on the basis of synthesizing and developing the philosophical ideas of Polanyi and Kuhn,Rozov tried to introduce the concept of social relay into the philosophy of science.The social relay theory rose from the global problem of the mode of existence of semiotic objects(including knowledge).This problem is connected with the status of text in human studies and epistemology that is both the material phenomenon(sound oscillation,ink on paper)and something full of sense and meaning.Understanding of the text is determined by the reader's inclusion into the world of social norms which is built upon the relay structures.The social relay theory suggests the language for description and analysis of this world.

关 键 词：新西伯利亚学派 М.А.罗佐夫 类波体 社会规范 社会接力理论 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]