小细胞外囊泡多重标志物检测方法的研究进展  

Advance in Small Extracellular Vesicles Multi-marker Detection Methods

作　　者：章嫒嫒 吴艳 申浩宇 金佳欣 李彤 刘利娥[1] 丁丽华[1] 吴拥军[1] ZHANG Ai-ai;WU Yan;SHEN Hao-yu;JIN Jia-xin;LI Tong;LIU Li-e;DING Li-hua;WU Yong-jun(College of Public Health,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学公共卫生学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《分析测试学报》2025年第3期562-570,共9页Journal of Instrumental Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(82304194);中国博士后科学基金特别资助(站前)(2023TQ0304);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2023M743196);河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)(242102311174,232102311010)。

摘　　要：小细胞外囊泡(sEVs)在癌症的发生发展过程中发挥着重要作用,已有大量研究对sEVs中癌症的相关生物标志物进行了探索,主要包括sEVs膜蛋白和膜内miRNA。对sEVs中多重标志物进行联合分析,可多维度了解sEVs信息,有助于提高癌症筛查和辅助诊断的准确率,对提升肿瘤治疗效果和改善预后至关重要。传统的蛋白和核酸检测方法分析sEVs相关生物标志物时,大多需要复杂的预处理,并存在耗时、灵敏度低等问题。新兴的检测方法及技术可以实现快速、高灵敏、高通量的sEVs分析,且样品用量更少、样品前处理更简便。该文主要从单类目标物检测(蛋白、miRNA)和多类标志物检测(sEVs蛋白和miRNA同步检测等)两个方面对sEVs蛋白、miRNA检测方法的研究进展进行综述,并对sEVs在临床实践中面临的问题和未来的发展方向进行了总结和展望。Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)play an important role in the process of cancer occurrence as well as development,and a large number of studies have explored cancer-related biomarkers in sEVs,mainly including sEVs membrane proteins and intramembranous miRNAs.The combined analysis of multiple markers can be used to provide multidimensional understanding of the information of sEVs,which can help to improve the accuracy of cancer screening and auxiliary diagnosis,and is crucial for enhancing the efficacy of oncology treatment and improving the prognosis.Most of the traditional protein and nucleic acid assays for analysing sEVs-related biomarkers required complex preprocessing and suffered from the shortcomings of time-consuming and low sensitivity.Emerging assays and technologies enable take rapid,highly sensitivity,high-throughput analysis of sEVs with smaller sample volumes and easier sample pre-treatment.In this paper,we mainly review the research progress of protein and miRNA detection methods for sEVs in terms of single-class target detection(proteins,miRNAs)and multi-class marker detection(simultaneous detection of sEVs proteins and miRNAs,etc.),besides,the problems faced by sEVs in clinical practice and the direction of future development are also summarized.

关 键 词：小细胞外囊泡 miRNA检测 蛋白检测 多重检测 

分 类 号：O629.7[理学—有机化学]