中华文明形成标志的重新界说——兼对“古国”等概念辨析  

Redefining the Hallmarks of the Formation of Chinese Civilization:With the Discrimination of the Concepts of"Guguo"and Others

作　　者：王震中[1] 夏虞南 Wang Zhenzhong;Xia Yunan

机构地区：[1]中国历史研究院—河南大学共建“黄河文化研究院”暨河南大学黄河文明省部共建协同创新中心 [2]中国社会科学院古代史研究所、“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台

出　　处：《中国史研究》2025年第1期23-45,167,168,共25页Journal of Chinese Historical Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“五帝时代到夏代王权与国家形态研究”(22VL5003)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文明形成的标志,既是一个理论问题,亦是考古学实践问题。本文在解析以往关于文明起源形成的“三要素说”“阶级说”“国家说”“中国方案”等理论观点优劣得失的基础上,提出都邑(都城)是中华文明形成的标志,指出都邑或城市是文明与国家的连接点,并将这一新标志应用于对良渚文明和陶寺文明的分析。文中通过“都邑国家文明”“城市国家文明”“都市国家文明”等概念,阐述了对世界六大原生形态文明社会形成的共同性与多样性相统一的认知。此外,文中针对目前在某些概念方面的“乱象”,对“古国”“方国”“邦国”“王国”等概念进行了辨析,旨在推进文明和国家起源形成研究理论概念上的进步。The hallmarks of the formation of civilization are both a theoretical and a practical issue in archaeology.Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the previous theories on the origin and formation of civilization,such as the"three elements theory","class theory","state theory"and"Chinese proposal",we propose that the capital is the hallmark of the formation of Chinese civilization and argue that the capital or city is the connecting point between civilization and state,which can be identified in the Liangzhu and Taosi cultures.Through the concepts of"capital state civilization","city state civilization",and"metropolis state civilization",the paper elaborates our perception of the unity of commonality and diversity in the formation of the six primary forms of civilization in the world.Moreover,to clarify the mess in current usage of certain concepts,we provide a discriminating discussion of the concepts of"Guguo","Fangguo","Bangguo""Wangguo"and so on,with the aim of advancing the theoretical and conceptual progress in the study of the origin and formation of civilizations and states.

关 键 词：文明形成标志 古国 方国 邦国 王国 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学] K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]