楚竹书《容成氏》的九邦及相关问题新探  

A New Exploration of the Nine States and Related Issues in the Chu Bamboo Book "Rongcheng Shi"

作　　者：郭永秉 Guo Yongbing

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中国语言文学系

出　　处：《中国史研究》2025年第1期46-63,168,共19页Journal of Chinese Historical Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项2021年度重大招标项目“中国古代地方治理的理论与实践及借鉴”(LSYZD21006)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：上博简《容成氏》所记文王征讨的九邦,释读和定位二十多年来仍未定论。将简文所记九邦中的“魏”“丽(骊)”“许”“牖(羑)”改释改读后,正与《孔子三朝记》等古文献相印证。“魏”“丽(骊)”相当于《尚书大传》《史记》所记文王五伐中的“鬼方”“犬戎”。作为鬼方部族的核心地带“魏”,即史书中所谓分封给唐叔虞的“怀姓九宗”之居所。文王于山西抚定鬼方、犬戎,稳定商朝西土,与掌控大河以南的许、崇等国,并进而南抚江汉,是互有关联的重要战略。戎狄并非胡人,他们明显受到商周文化的影响,不可以草原特色文化视之。近年多有将山陕北部的李家崖文化与商周鬼方联系的看法,应谨慎对待。“文王伐黎”异说的产生,与“文王伐魏”说逐渐湮没不闻和歧变有关,可能也有伐黎主将毕公高与晋南戎狄国族关系密切的原因。The interpretation and localization of the nine states reclaimed by King Wen which recorded by the Shanghai Museum Slips"Rongcheng Shi",have been still undecided for over 20 years.After revising the readings and interpretations of the states of"Wei""Li""Xu"and"You"among the nine states recorded in the bamboo slips,they correspond precisely with ancient documents such as Kongzi Sanchao Ji."Wei"and"Li"are equivalent to the"Guifang"and"Quanrong"in King Wen's Five Batles recorded in Shangshu Da Zhuan and Historical Records.As the core area of the Guifang tribe,"Wei"is the residence of the"Nine tribes with the Huai surname".King Wen's pacification of Guifang and Quanrong in Shanxi was an important strategy related to the stabilization of the Shang Dynasty's western territories,and his control of Xu,Chong and other states south of the river.The Rong and Di were not barbarians.They were significantly influenced by Shang and Zhou culture and should not be regarded as grassland-specific cultures.In recent years,there have been many opinions linking the Lijiaya culture in northern Shanxi and Shanxi to the Guifang of the Shang and Zhou dynasties,which should be treated with caution.The background of the myth that"King Wen conquered Li"is related to the gradual oblivion and discrepancy of the fact of"King Wen conquering Wei".At the same time,it may also be due to the close relationship between BiGong Gao,the leader of the expedition to Li,and the Rong and Di people in southern Shanxi.

关 键 词：《容成氏》 文王伐魏 《孔子三朝记》 鬼方 戎狄 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]