清代江苏、山东两省海界纠纷与海域勘界  

The Maritime Boundary Dispute and Maritime Boundary Settlement Between Jiangsu and Shandong Province in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：宋可达 Song Keda

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院中国边疆研究所

出　　处：《中国史研究》2025年第1期117-134,170,171,共20页Journal of Chinese Historical Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“清代海域勘界与海疆形成研究”(22CZS046)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清代的黄海海域属江苏、山东管辖。由于入清以来从未进行过海域勘界工作,致使彼此之间的海界长期处于模糊状态。乾隆末年,地处两省交界的黑水洋海域连续发生五起盗案,引发双方海界纠纷。在朝廷严令下,江苏、山东地方在乾隆五十八年(1793)联合开展了数次海域勘界活动,划界方案几经变更。最终两省疆臣和勘界官弁在深入考察江苏、山东历史海界的基础上,结合交界附近海域特殊的地理环境,依据“依山立界”原则,勘定以莺游山至大沙沙尖一线为两省海域分界处。这一勘界结果,在嘉庆时期以国家法典的形式进一步确定下来,使其具备了法律层面的规范意义。The Yellow Sea of the Qing Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu and Shandong Province.As no maritime boundary settlement work had been carried out before,so the maritime boundary between Jiangsu and Shandong had been blurred for a long time.At the end of Qianlong reign,five marine accidents caused by piracy occurred in the Black Water Ocean,which was located at the junction of the two provinces,thus triggering a maritime boundary dispute between the two sides.Under the strict order of the imperial court,Jiangsu and Shandong jointly carried out several maritime boundary settlement works in the 58th year of Qianlong reign(1793),and the demarcation scheme had been changed several times.In the end,on the basis of in-depth investigation of the historical maritime boundary of Jiangsu and Shandong,combined with the special geographical environment of the maritime area between the two provinces,local officials identified a maritime boundary which starting from Yingyou Mountain in the west,connecting Dashashajian in the east,as the boundary of the two provinces according to the principle of"delimitation based on mountains".This result was further determined in the form of a national code during the Jiaqing reign,giving it a normative significance at the legal level.

关 键 词：清代 黄海 海界 海域勘界 海疆治理 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K249[政治法律—中外政治制度]