再造实质化“理想型家庭”——基于撤销父母监护权十年实践困境的分析  

Reconstructing the Substantive “Ideal Family”: An Analysis Based on the Decade-Long Practical Dilemmas of Revoking Parental Custody

作　　者：颜湘颖[1] Yan Xiangying

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院马克思主义学院,上海201701

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2025年第1期62-72,178,共12页Exploration and Free Views

摘　　要：作为受监护侵害儿童的重要保护措施,撤销父母监护权自2014年起在我国司法实践中广泛适用,体现出“家庭监护为主、国家监护托底”的实践特征,其理论基础主要是“家庭责任优先”的司法逻辑。但这种逻辑在十年运作中遭遇“新监护人的监护能力不强、监护责任的有效性与持续性不足”等实践困境,在“是否能最有利于被监护儿童”方面受到质疑。在撤销父母监护权发生的实践过程中,其核心应是司法如何构建新的关怀关系,即确定新监护人。其中,新监护人产生的具体行动发生机制即“行动者—目的—规范—情景”,是撤销父母监护权能否顺利进行的重要保障。司法者应以关怀理论强化“儿童中心主义”裁判逻辑,以“最有利于未成年人原则”为标准,全面考量新监护关系可能面临的现实困境并辅以监护支持,最终为撤销父母监护权的儿童再造实质化“理想型家庭”。The revocation of parental guardianship, as a crucial protective measure for children subjected to guardianship abuse, has been widely applied in China's judicial practice since 2014. It embodies the practical characteristic of “family guardianship as the primary means, with state guardianship serving as a backup”, grounded mainly in the judicial practice logic of “family responsibility taking precedence”. However, this logic has encountered practical dilemmas in its decade-long operation, such as “inadequate guardianship abilities of new guardians and insufficient effectiveness and continuity of guardianship responsibilities”, raising doubts about whether it is “in the best interests of the wards”. In the practical process of revoking parental guardianship, the core should be how the judiciary establishes a new care relationship, namely, determining the new guardian. Meanwhile, the specific action mechanism through which a new guardian emerges, namely, the “actor-purpose-norm-situation” framework, is a crucial guarantee for the smooth proceeding of revoking parental guardianship. Judicial officers should strengthen the “child-centered” adjudicative logic with the care theory, adopting the “best interests of the child principle” as the standard to comprehensively consider the potential practical difficulties faced by new guardianship relationships and supplementing them with guardianship support. Ultimately, the goal is to recreate a substantive “ideal family” for children whose parental guardianship has been revoked.

关 键 词：理想型家庭 最有利于未成年人原则 儿童中心主义 家庭监护 监护支持 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]