紧急机采血小板献血者血液初筛不合格情况的原因调查研究  

Investigation of the Causes of Initial Blood Screening Failures in Emergency Apheresis Platelet Donors

作　　者：周文群 ZHOU Wenqun(Qiandongnan Prefecture Central Blood Station Kaili,Kaili 556000,china)

机构地区：[1]黔东南州中心血站,贵州凯里556000

出　　处：《中华灾害救援医学》2025年第1期78-81,共4页Chinese Journal of Disaster Medicine

摘　　要：目的 分析黔东南州中心血站紧急机采血小板献血者血液初筛不合格情况和主要原因。方法 选择2023年3月至2024年4月在黔东南州中心血站进行机采血小板的720例献血者为研究对象。检测血小板计数、红细胞计数、白细胞计数、血红蛋白、红细胞比容、乳糜血情况、丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平。同时以性别和检测次数为分组依据,比较男性和女性、初次献血者和再次献血者之间检测指标的差异。结果 720例机采血小板中68例样本血液初筛结果为不合格,血液初筛不合格率占9.44%。在血液初筛不合格指标中,主要为丙氨酸氨基转移酶(不合格率为3.75%)和乳糜血(不合格率为2.22%)。男性血液初筛不合格指标中,主要为丙氨酸氨基转移酶(不合格率为4.73%)和乳糜血(不合格率为2.26%);女性血液初筛不合格指标中,主要为血红蛋白水平(不合格率为2.99%)和乳糜血(不合格率为2.14%)。男性丙氨酸氨基转移酶不合格率显著高于女性(P<0.05),女性血红蛋白水平和红细胞压积不合格率显著高于男性(P<0.05)。144例初次献血者中,31例不合格(不合格率为21.53%);再次献血者576例,其中37例不合格(不合格率为6.42%),初次献血者不合格率显著高于再次献血者(P<0.001)。初次献血者血液初筛不合格指标中,主要为丙氨酸氨基转移酶(不合格率为11.81%)和乳糜血(不合格率为4.86%);再次献血者初筛不合格指标中,主要也为丙氨酸氨基转移酶(不合格率为1.74%)和乳糜血(不合格率为1.56%)。初次献血者丙氨酸氨基转移酶、乳糜血、HBsAg阳性不合格率显著高于再次献血者(P<0.05)。结论 黔东南州中心血站紧急机采血小板献血者血液初筛不合格的主要原因是丙氨酸氨基转移酶和乳糜血;男性血液初筛不合格指标主要是丙氨酸氨基转移酶,女性血液初筛不合格指标主要为血红蛋白水平和红细胞压积;初次献血者不合格率显著高�Objective To analyze the incidence and primary causes of blood screening failures among emergency apheresis platelet donors at the Qiandongnan Blood Center.Methods A total of 720 apheresis platelet donors at the Qiandongnan Blood Center from March 2023 to April 2024 were included in this study.The following parameters were tested:platelet count,red blood cell count,white blood cell count,hemoglobin levels,hematocrit,lipemia,and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels.The donors were grouped by gender and donation frequency(first-time vs.repeat donors),and differences in test indicators between the groups were compared.Results Of the 720 apheresis platelet samples,68(9.44%)failed the initial blood screening.The primary causes of failure were elevated ALT levels(failure rate of 3.75%)and lipemia(failure rate of 2.22%).Among male donors,the main causes of screening failure were ALT levels(failure rate of 4.73%)and lipemia(failure rate of 2.26%).For female donors,the primary causes were low hemoglobin levels(failure rate of 2.99%)and lipemia(failure rate of 2.14%).The failure rate for ALT was significantly higher in males than females(P<0.05),while the failure rates for hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly higher in females(P<0.05).Among the 144 first-time donors,31(21.53%)had failed screenings,while 37(6.42%)of the 576 repeat donors failed.The failure rate in first-time donors was significantly higher than in repeat donors(P<0.001).In first-time donors, the main causes of screening failure were elevated ALT (failure rate of 11.81%) and lipemia (failure rate of 4.86%). In repeat donors, the main causes of failure were also elevated ALT (failure rate of 1.74%) and lipemia (failure rate of 1.56%). The failure rates for ALT, lipemia, and HBsAg positivity were significantly higher in first-time donors compared to repeat donors (P<0.05). Conclusion The primary causes of initial blood screening failure among emergency apheresis platelet donors at the Qiandongnan Blood Center were elevated ALT levels and lipemia. Male d

关 键 词：供血者 血液成分除去法 因素分析 统计学 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学]