国际技术分工、技术分享与大国技术联盟——大国争取技术追随者的政治经济分析  

International Division of Labor on Technology,Technology Sharing,and Technology Alliance:A Political Economy Analysis of Major Powers'Competition for Technological Followers

作　　者：黄琪轩[1,2,3] 李文见 HUANG Qixuan;LI Wenjian(the School of International and Public Affairs,Shanghai Jiao Tong University;the Institute of Politics and Economics,Shanghai Jiao Tong University;the Shanghai Innovation Policy Evaluation Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院,上海200030 [2]上海交通大学上海市创新政策评估研究中心,上海200030 [3]上海交通大学政治经济研究院,上海200030

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2025年第2期31-53,160,161,共25页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“中美贸易竞争背景下我国高技术产品进出口风险及对策研究”(项目批准号:20BGJ030)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在19世纪末以来的国际技术竞争中,相关大国多次尝试打造技术联盟以遏制竞争对手,但成效不尽相同。英国争取技术追随者的成效最差,甚至难以获得其殖民地和自治领的支持。冷战时期的苏联与20世纪后期的日本争取技术追随者的成效次之,导致的后果分别是东欧国家逐渐削弱了与苏联的技术联系,亚洲地区相关经济体纷纷放弃了日本主导的技术轨迹。在大国技术博弈中,美国先后作为崛起国与守成国,屡次成功打造国际技术联盟,巩固了其作为世界科技领导者的地位。通过19世纪末以来大国争取技术追随者的历史分析,作者比较了大国在不同时期争取技术追随者的成效差异,发现国际技术分工有助于带来持续的利益交流、国际技术分享有利于形成广泛的追随网络。在与美国的技术博弈中,英国属于既缺乏国际技术分工又缺少国际技术分享的典型案例,故其争取技术追随者的成效较差;苏联和日本由于分别热衷于技术分享与技术分工,其争取技术追随者的成效并不显著。与之形成对照的是,美国在多次技术博弈中能有效利用技术分工与技术分享争取技术追随者。在国际技术竞争中,唯有广泛开展国际技术分工并积极推进国际技术分享,大国才能有效地争取覆盖范围广、稳固程度高的技术追随者,进而成功打造国际技术联盟。In the international technology competition since the late 19th century,major powers have made repeated attempts to establish technology alliances aimed at containing rivals,yet the outcomes of these efforts have varied considerably.Britain had the least success in garnering technological followers,struggling even with its colonies and dominions.The Soviet Union during the Cold War and Japan in the late 20th century achieved only limited success.Eastern European countries gradually weakened their technological ties with the Soviet Union,while key Asian economies eventually abandoned the Japan-led technological trajectories.Across various episodes of technological competition among major powers,the United States,whether as a rising power or an established power,consistently succeeded in constructing technology alliances,thereby consolidating its position as the global leader in science and technology.A comparative historical analysis of major powers'competition for technological followers since the late 19th century reveals that international division of labor on technology and international technology sharing are two crucial factors determining a country's ability to attract technological followers.International division of labor on technology facilitates enduring exchange of interests,while international technology sharing helps form a widespread network of followers.In its competition with the United States,Britain is a typical case lacking both international division of labor on technology and technology sharing,resulting in its poor outcomes.The Soviet Union and Japan,on the other hand,exhibited imbalances with an overemphasis on either technology sharing or technological division of labor,which restricted their overall effectiveness in winning followers.The United States,in contrast,effectively utilized both international division of labor on technology and technology sharing to gain followers across multiple instances of technological rivalry.In the international technological competition,only through exten

关 键 词：大国技术博弈 国际技术分工 国际技术分享 国际技术联盟 技术追随者 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]