免于全球性支配的自由——国家提供全球公共物品的国内正当性基础  

Freedom from Global Domination:Domestic Legitimacy of States'Provision of Global Public Goods

作　　者：汪家锐 WANG Jiarui(the Department of Political Science,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学政治学系,北京100084

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2025年第2期134-158,164,共26页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：2024年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“全球治理中的国家能力研究”(项目批准号:24CZZ002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：全球公共物品供给不足是当前全球治理的最大挑战。国家是全球公共物品供给最为重要的主体。为促进国家提供全球公共物品,既有研究从促进国际合作、减少国家“搭便车”和实现博弈均衡的有效性思路以及探索道德责任的国际正当性思路两方面进行了探索,但受限于无政府状态假设下国内政治与国际政治的二分法,并未对国家提供全球公共物品的国内正当性予以关注,忽视了国家权威在全球治理中发挥作用的潜在可能。在世界主义的共和主义理论视角下,国家提供全球公共物品不仅涉及合作和博弈的利益考量、问责与归咎的道德责任,还是国家为增进免于全球性支配的自由而必须对国内公民担负的一种政治责任。基于免于全球性支配的自由理想,作者为国家提供全球公共物品的一般政治过程构建了一个完整的国内正当性分析框架,认为世界主义公民性会催生全球公共物品需求,回应性民主能实现全球公共物品需求的政治议程化,负责任政府可以施行全球公共物品供给政策。该分析框架将全球公共物品供给转化为每个国家内部的政治责任,实现了国家—全球的相互关联,为全球公共物品供给中的外部性内部化问题提供了一项正当化策略,对当下的全球治理实践具有一定的参考价值。Deficient provision of global public goods(GPGs)appears to be the greatest challenge to global governance.To promote the level of provision of GPGs by states,existing research mainly focuses on two approaches.One explores the effectiveness of GPGs provision by promoting international cooperation,handling the free rider problem,and reaching the Nash Equilibrium,and the other demonstrates the legitimacy of GPGs provision through justifying the moral responsibility of states.Due to the domestic-international dichotomy under the assumption of international anarchy,existing literature has neglected the domestic legitimacy of the state in providing GPGs,thus ignoring the potential impact of domestic issues on global governance.This paper suggests that in providing GPGs,states consider not only the realistic interests and moral responsibility,but also the political responsibility to protect the citizens from global domination from the perspective of cosmopolitan republicanism.On this basis,for understanding the provision of GPGs of states,this paper constructs a general analytical framework of domestic legitimacy,in which cosmopolitan citizenship generates GPGs demands from within,responsive democracy sets GPGs provision as a domestic political agenda,and responsible government implements policies to provide GPGs.This approach makes the provision of GPGs a domestic political responsibility of states,which enables national affairs to interact with global affairs.It sets forward a legitimation strategy for the internalization of externalities,which is crucial in providing GPGs and is of great value in guiding the current practice of global governance.

关 键 词：免于全球性支配的自由 全球公共物品供给 政治正当性 政治责任 全球学 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]