东南亚研究中的“方法论民族主义”论析  

An Analysis of"Methodological Nationalism"in Southeast Asian Studies

作　　者：陈奕平 冯兆波 Yiping Chen;Zhaobo Feng

机构地区：[1]暨南大学国际关系学院/华侨华人研究院,广州510632

出　　处：《世界民族》2025年第1期12-16,17-25,共14页Journal of World Peoples Studies

摘　　要：“方法论民族主义”是一种广泛存在于社会科学领域的方法倾向,表现为系统性忽视民族国家的经验、将民族国家及其要素本质化、根据民族国家的领土特性来划分研究问题。对于战后的东南亚研究来说,“方法论民族主义”既限定了知识建构的社会背景,又深刻改变了知识生产的过程。从知识社会学的角度来看,欧洲国家建立殖民体制、日本对殖民体制的破坏以及美国在东南亚的冷战政治实践是这种“方法论民族主义”的政治背景,其智识背景则是东南亚研究的知识中心在战后转向了美国,导致主导的研究范式发生了变化。本文认为,身份认知的变化、自身能力的水平和知识生产的经验,都决定了中国需要重视“地区”在现实政治和知识生产方面的重要性,“地区知识”则是对东南亚研究“方法论民族主义”的一种回应。“地区知识”的方法重视研究范畴的时空条件,主张多元的划界方式,更多地关注东南亚的流动性和跨界现象,其对于东南亚研究的意义则体现在知识生产秩序、不同逻辑之间的对话以及学科与地区话语的关系中。“Methodological nationalism”is a methodological tendency existing widely in social sciences,which is manifested by systematically ignoring the experience of the nation-state,essentializing the nation-state and its elements,and categorizing research issues according to the territorial characteristics of the nation-state.For post-war Southeast Asian studies,“methodological nationalism”not only defines the social background of knowledge construction,but also profoundly changes the process of knowledge production.From the perspective of knowledge sociology,the establishment of the colonial system by European countries,the destruction of the colonial system by Japan and the Cold War political practice of the United States in Southeast Asia are the political background of this“methodological nationalism”.And the intellectual background is that the knowledge center of Southeast Asian studies shifted to the United States after the war,resulting in a change of the dominant research paradigm.This article argues that the change of identity perception,the level of competence and the experience of knowledge production all determine that China needs to pay attention to the importance of“region”in realpolitik and knowledge production,and“regional knowledge”is a response to“methodological nationalism”in Southeast Asian studies.The“regional knowledge”approach attaches importance to the temporal and spatial conditions of the research categories,advocates diversified demarcation methods,and pays more attention to cross-border mobility throughout Southeast Asia.Its significance for Southeast Asian studies is reflected in the order of knowledge production,the dialogue between different logics,and the relationship between disciplines and regional discourses.

关 键 词：东南亚研究 “方法论民族主义” 美国的东南亚研究 “地区知识” 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]