马来西亚“懒惰土著”观的形塑、演变与话语政治  

The Formation and Evolution of the View of"Lazy Natives"and Discourse Politics in Malaysia

作　　者：刘计峰[1] 马广路 Jifeng Liu;Guanglu Ma

机构地区：[1]厦门大学东南亚研究中心/马来西亚研究所 [2]厦门大学南洋研究院,厦门361005

出　　处：《世界民族》2025年第1期67-79,共13页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：2024年度福建省社会科学基金项目(项目编号:FJ2024B193)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自殖民时代至今,马来人的民族性格经历了从他塑到自塑的转变,但都被定义为“懒惰”。马来西亚的“懒惰土著”观一直盛行不衰,其内涵也呈现出历时性变化。“懒惰土著”观起源于英国殖民开发时期的形象建构,独立后因马来精英操纵族群议题,而用来政治化“马穷华富”的差距,随着马来族内两极分化,又演变为遮蔽马来精英贪腐问题的借口。最终,“懒惰土著”从族群议题逐渐演化为阶级议题,成为马来西亚政界极具效能的话语工具,马来人的民族性格也随之刻板印象化。“懒惰土著”观与马来西亚的殖民统治、独立后的政治演进、贫富分化和族群关系等问题相互嵌套,是管窥历史与现实的一个视角。“懒惰土著”观背后的实质是统治权力和话语政治,族群等级制度是其长期延续的政治土壤,“马懒华勤”的二元对立只是其表征,最终阻碍了马来西亚的国家发展。Since the colonial era,the national character of Malays has been successively shaped by others and themselves,but it has always been defined as“lazy”.The view of“lazy natives”has been popular in Malaysia,and its connotation has also shown a diachronic change.The concept of“lazy natives”originated from the image construction during the British colonial period.After independence,due to the manipulation of ethnic issues by the Malay elite,it was used to politicize the disparity between“the poor Malays and the rich Chinese”.With the polarization within the Malay ethnic group,it evolved into a pretext to cover the corruption issue of the Malay elite.Eventually,the topic of“lazy natives”has evolved from an ethnic issue to a class issue,thus becoming a highly effective discourse tool in Malaysian politics,in which the national character of Malays has inevitably become stereotyped.The view of“lazy natives”is nested with issues related to the colonial rule,the post-independence political evolution,the polarization of the rich and the poor,and ethnic relations,which provides a perspective to examine the history and reality in Malaysia.The essence behind the view of“lazy natives”is the ruling power and discourse politics,while ethnic hierarchy is the political soil for its longterm existence and the binary opposition of“the lazy Malays and the diligent Chinese”is only its manifestation,which has ultimately hindered the national development of Malaysia.

关 键 词：“懒惰土著”观 族群政治 族群民族主义 话语政治 马来西亚 

分 类 号：D733.8[政治法律—政治学]