从阿拉伯化到约旦化——约旦对境内巴勒斯坦人民族整合道路的历史演化  

From Arabization to Jordanization:The Historical Evolution of the Path to National Integration of the Palestinians in Jordan

作　　者：田鸿涛 闫伟[1] Hongtao Tian;Wei Yan

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所,西安710127

出　　处：《世界民族》2025年第1期80-92,共13页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大研究专项(21VGCQ015)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：约旦的民族建构伴随着其领土的变迁,以及由此引发的人口变动。约旦对巴勒斯坦人的民族整合的核心议题在于,在两个族群中构建统一的民族认同和历史记忆。奥斯曼帝国解体后,大叙利亚地区的地缘空间裂变,呈现出多样化的泛民族主义认同。外约旦建国初期寻求大叙利亚乃至阿拉伯世界的统一。1948年,外约旦控制约旦河西岸,以阿拉伯属性整合当地的巴勒斯坦人,建立起西岸人(巴勒斯坦人)和东岸人(约旦人)分权的政治模式,也造成了巴勒斯坦人成为外约旦多数派的现实。1967年第三次中东战争之后,约旦逐渐失去了对西岸地区的控制,遂聚焦于东岸地区的民族建构。在某种程度上,约旦形成了东岸人在政治上掌权,巴勒斯坦人在经济上崛起,约旦哈希姆王室居中平衡的局面,虽然约旦的族际关系相对稳定,但仍面临挑战。The nation-building of Jordan is accompanied by changes in territory and the resulting demographic changes.At the heart of Jordan’s national integration of the Palestinians is the construction of a unified national identity and historical memory between the two ethnic groups.After the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire,the geopolitical space of Greater Syria underwent a fission,presenting diverse pan-national identities.Transjordan initially sought the unity of Greater Syria and even the Arab world in the early days of its founding.In 1948,Transjordan took control of the West Bank and integrated the local Palestinians with Arab attributes,establishing a political model of sharing power between the West Bankers(Palestinians)and the East Bankers(Jordanians),which also resulted in the reality that the Palestinians became the majority in Jordan.After the Third Middle East War in 1967,Jordan gradually lost control over the West Bank and focused on nation-building in the East Bank.To some extent,Jordan has formed a balance between the East Bankers’political power and the Palestinians’economic dominance,with the mediation of Jordan’s Hashemite royal family in the middle.Although Jordan’s inter-ethnic relations are relatively stable,they still face challenges.

关 键 词：约旦 巴勒斯坦人 民族整合 阿拉伯化 巴以问题 

分 类 号：D838.1[政治法律—政治学] D837.9[政治法律—外交学] D815.4