孟加拉国比哈尔人遣返问题探析  

An Analysis on the Repatriation of the Biharis in Bangladesh

作　　者：杨洪贵[1] 杜莹颖 Honggui Yang;Yingying Du

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学历史文化学院,南充637009

出　　处：《世界民族》2025年第1期93-104,共12页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“巴基斯坦语言问题及其对中巴经济走廊的影响与对策研究”(19XGJ020);国家民委“一带一路国别和区域研究中心·孟中印缅经济走廊研究中心”重点项目“孟加拉国比哈尔人问题研究”(2023BCIM01)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：孟加拉国比哈尔人源自印巴分治前后从印度北部迁往巴基斯坦东孟加拉地区的乌尔都语穆斯林。由于巴基斯坦分裂,比哈尔人的身份经历了从“穆哈吉尔”到孟加拉国“叛国者”的转变。在战后遗留问题谈判过程中,比哈尔人遣返问题成为印巴孟三国博弈的筹码,促成巴基斯坦战俘与孟加拉国主权等问题的解决和三方遣返计划的实施。1974年三方遣返进程结束后,仍有大量比哈尔人滞留孟加拉国。此后,巴基斯坦历届政府在南亚局势与国内族群斗争等因素影响下主导孟加拉国比哈尔人遣返问题,遣返进程时断时续。随着国内族群问题愈演愈烈,1993年巴基斯坦最终停止接收比哈尔人。孟加拉国比哈尔人遣返问题持续数十年,与印巴分治以来南亚地区复杂的政治变迁密切关联。The Biharis in Bangladesh originated from the Urdu-speaking Muslims who migrated from northern India to the East Bengal region of Pakistan around the time of partition.As a result of the partition of Pakistan,the identity of the Biharis underwent a transformation from the“Muhajirs”to the“traitors”of Bangladesh.In the process of negotiations on the remaining issues after the war,the repatriation of the Biharis became a bargaining chip in the game among India,Pakistan and Bangladesh,which contributed to the settlement of issues such as the Pakistani prisoners of war and the sovereignty of Bangladesh as well as the implementation of the tripartite repatriation plan.After the tripartite repatriation process ended in 1974,a large number of Biharis remained in Bangladesh.Since then,successive Pakistani governments led the repatriation of the Bangladeshi Biharis under the influence of the situation in South Asia and domestic ethnic struggles,and the repatriation process was intermittent.Pakistan finally stopped accepting the Biharis in 1993 as ethnic problems grew intense within the country.The issue of repatriating the Bangladeshi Biharis,which has lasted for decades,is closely linked to the complex political changes in South Asia since the partition of India and Pakistan.

关 键 词：孟加拉国 比哈尔人 遣返 巴基斯坦 

分 类 号：D73[政治法律—政治学]