基于压电陶瓷的机械密封端面变形可控研究  

Study on Controllable Deformation of the End Faces of Mechanical Seal Based on Piezoelectric Ceramics

作　　者：尹佳乐 赵文静 孟祥铠[1] 江锦波[1] 彭旭东[1] YIN Jiale;ZHAO Wenjing;MENG Xiangkai;JIANG Jinbo;PENG Xudong(College of Mechanical Engineering,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学机械工程学院,浙江杭州310023

出　　处：《工程科学与技术》2025年第2期180-190,共11页Advanced Engineering Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2241246,52175193);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY21E050009)。

摘　　要：针对机械密封运行过程中液膜失稳不可控的问题,本文提出一种基于压电陶瓷的可控机械密封结构,通过调节端面的间隙分布,使机械密封能更好地适应工况条件的变化,以保持稳定的运行状态。首先,基于有限元软件建立了密封静环组件的压电-结构多场耦合仿真模型,分析了压电陶瓷电压和周向分布数量对机械密封静环端面变形的影响规律;其次,设计并搭建了静环端面变形测量装置,研究了压电陶瓷作用下静环端面的变形规律;最后,基于机械密封动静环的多场耦合分析模型,研究了可控机械密封在不同密封工况下的性能调控能力。结果表明:在压电陶瓷作用下,静环端面产生周向波度和径向锥度变形,并且变形量随施加电压的增加而增大,这有利于密封端面快速形成收敛锥形,进而提高液膜动静压效应,提升液膜承载力;随着静环背部周向压电陶瓷个数的增加,静环端面周向波度变形减小,径向锥度变形增大,端面变形趋于周向均匀化,使得密封端面动压效应减弱,静压效应增强,可以更好地维持密封运行的稳定性。多场耦合分析结果表明,通过增大压电陶瓷的电压,机械密封可由接触式逐渐转变为非接触式,这有利于降低密封端面磨损和端面温升,但会导致密封泄漏量增大。研究结果可为可控机械密封的设计提供理论指导。A controllable mechanical seal structure based on piezoelectric ceramics is proposed to address the uncontrollable problem of liquid film instability during the operation of a mechanical seal.The mechanical seal adapts to variations in operating conditions and maintains a stable operating state by adjusting the end-face gap distribution of the seals.Firstly,the piezoelectric-mechanical multiphysics coupling model is established based on finite element software.The deformation law of the stator end face caused by voltage and the circumferential quantity of piezoelectric ceramics is analyzed.Then,a test device is developed to measure the end-face deformation of the stator.The deformation law of the stator end face is analyzed.Finally,based on the multiphysics coupling analysis model,the performance controllability of the mechanical seal under various sealing conditions is examined.The results show that the end face of the stator produces radial taper and circumferential waviness and that the deformation of the stator increases with increasing voltage,which facilitates the rapid formation of a convergent cone between the seal end faces.This enhances the hydrodynamic and hydrostatic effects of the fluid film and improves its load-bearing capacity.Increasing the number of piezoelectric ceramics on the back of the stator reduces circumferential waviness deformation and increases radial taper deformation,causing the end-face deformation of the stator to become more circumferentially uniform.This reduces the hydrodynamic effect and increases the hydrostatic impact of the fluid film,which enhances the stability of seal operation.The multiphysics coupling analysis results indicated that increasing the voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic enables the mechanical seal to transition from a contacting state to a non-contacting state.This reduces seal face wear and temperature rise while increasing the leakage rate.The results provide theoretical guidance for the design of controllable mechanical seals.

关 键 词：可控机械密封 压电陶瓷 端面变形 密封性能 

分 类 号：TH117.2[机械工程—机械设计及理论]