装药不耦合系数对台阶爆破破碎块体抛掷运动规律影响研究  

Influence of Charge Uncoupling Coefficient on the Throwing Movement of Broken Blocks in Bench Blasting

作　　者：黄永辉[1] 阮迅 雷振 毛泽凌 张智宇[4] 周继国 HUANG Yonghui;RUAN Xun;LEI Zhen;MAO Zeling;ZHANG Zhiyu;ZHOU Jiguo(Faculty of Electic Power Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Institute of Mining Engineering,Guizhou Institute of Technology,Guiyang 550003,China;Miyi County Emergency Administrative Bureau,Panzhihua 617000,China;Faculty of Land and Resource Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Department of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Gansu Vocational College of Energy and Chemical Industry,Lanzhou 730207,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学电力工程学院,云南昆明650500 [2]贵州理工学院矿业工程学院,贵州贵阳550003 [3]米易县应急管理局,四川攀枝花617000 [4]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [5]甘肃能源化工职业学院资源环境工程系,甘肃兰州730207

出　　处：《工程科学与技术》2025年第2期223-233,共11页Advanced Engineering Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(52164009,52064025,52164010)。

摘　　要：露天台阶爆破中破碎块体时空运动规律及能耗是衡量爆破效果的重要指标之一,针对不耦合系数改变情况下破碎块体运动速度和能耗问题,采用基础理论方法,通过破碎块体运动轨迹构建能耗计算公式,并结合模型试验,对不同不耦合系数情况下的爆破破碎块体运动速度变化规律及能耗情况开展系统研究。结果表明:起爆后,岩体在约2 ms时初步产生裂隙,约20 ms时加速完成;岩体自由表面呈现上下两侧低、中间高的鼓包形态;破碎块体的速度随着时间呈现加速—动态匀速—抛掷减速3个过程,并且在18 ms左右达到初始抛掷速度和抛掷动能,此后破碎块体基本不受爆生产物的作用;通过计算获得了不同不耦合系数条件下的抛掷动能值,其占炸药总能量的比例为5%~16%;抛掷动能及其占比随着不耦合系数的增大而减小,当不耦合系数从1.250增至3.375时,抛掷动能从3.06 kJ减小到1.12 kJ,抛掷动能占比从15.3%减小到5.6%。研究成果对露天台阶爆破不耦合装药条件下的岩体破碎、破碎块体运动规律及能耗分布研究具有理论指导意义和工程应用价值。In open-pit bench blasting,the spatiotemporal movement law of broken blocks and energy consumption are crucial indicators of blasting effectiveness.This study adopts basic theoretical methods and constructs energy consumption calculation formulas based on the movement trajectory of broken blocks to address the issue of movement velocity and energy consumption of broken blocks under varying uncoupling coefficients.Then,combined with model experiments,it systematically examines the changes in movement velocity and energy consumption of blastinginduced broken blocks under different uncoupling coefficients.The research results indicate that after explosive initiation,cracks initially appear in the rock mass at approximately 2 ms and accelerate to completion within about 20 ms.The free surface of the rock mass exhibits a bulging shape,with lower elevations on the upper and lower sides and a higher elevation in the middle.The movement velocity of broken blocks follows a regular pattern over time and can be broadly divided into three phases:acceleration,dynamic uniform velocity,and throwing deceleration.The broken blocks reach their initial throwing velocity and kinetic energy at around 18 ms.After this point,they are largely unaffected by explosive products and move freely under the influence of gravity.Based on model test results and calculations,the kinetic energy of the throwing process under different uncoupling coefficients is determined,revealing that the proportion of total energy generated by the explosion ranges between 5%and 16%.The throwing kinetic energy and its proportion decrease as the uncoupling coefficient increases.When the uncoupling coefficient rises from 1.250 to 3.375,the throwing kinetic energy decreases from 3.06 to 1.12 kJ,while the throwing kinetic energy proportion declines from 15.26%to 5.58%.These findings provide theoretical guidance and engineering application value for rock fragmentation,the movement law of broken blocks,and energy consumption distribution under uncoupled charging condit

关 键 词：不耦合系数 台阶爆破 运动速度 抛掷动能 高速摄影仪 

分 类 号：O389[理学—流体力学]