500 t/d机械炉排垃圾焚烧炉燃烧特性及二次风配比对喉口部位结焦的影响  

Combustion Characteristics of 500 t/d Mechanical Grate Waste Incinerator and Effects of Secondary Wind Ratio on Coking of the Throat

作　　者：荣波 胡淏然 马硕 王圣博 马丹丹[1] 王润其 曾武清 马洪亭[1] RONG Bo;HU Haoran;MA Shuo;WANG Shengbo;MA Dandan;WANG Runqi;ZENG Wuqing;MA Hongting(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300354,China;China Energy Conservation(Laishui)Environmental Protection Energy Company Limited,Baoding 074199,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300354 [2]中节能(涞水)环保能源有限公司,河北保定074199

出　　处：《工程科学与技术》2025年第2期289-298,共10页Advanced Engineering Sciences

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3902300)。

摘　　要：针对村镇生活垃圾灰分含量高、热值低、焚烧发电过程易结焦等问题,本文以河北保定涞水某日处理量为500 t的机械炉排垃圾焚烧炉为研究对象,通过对村镇生活垃圾进行采样分析,探究其组分特点。对垃圾焚烧炉内飞灰、炉底渣、喉口壁面焦块以及垃圾中的灰土成分进行采样并测量其灰熔点。基于垃圾焚烧炉结构特征以及当地生活垃圾组分和热值,采用FLIC和Ansys Fluent软件模拟了沿炉排运动方向水分蒸发、挥发分释放、挥发分燃烧和焦炭焚烧过程,以及炉膛内温度场、速度场和浓度场的分布情况,并与实测数据进行对比分析。结合炉膛内的结焦部位、焦块形状和结焦程度,分析了影响垃圾焚烧炉结焦的主要因素,并通过调整前、后拱二次风配比来降低设备结焦的风险与程度。灰熔点测试结果表明,其中3种炉内灰样的半球温度与流动温度均接近1200℃,略低于灰土成分以及处理后的飞灰。炉内焦样中主要成分是辉石,占比51%;其次是钙(钠)长石与透长石,共占30%。模拟结果表明,前拱风速与后拱风速分别为41 m/s与38 m/s时,炉内喉口与前后拱区域气体流场与温度场分布最均匀,气体对前拱的冲刷与喉口处的回流区现象好转,对结焦现象的抑制效果最好。研究成果对于预测和减缓垃圾焚烧炉结焦、提高锅炉热效率和运行经济性等,具有重要的指导意义和工程应用价值。In view of the characteristics of high ash content,low calorific value,and susceptibility to coking during the incineration power generation process,this study examines a mechanical grate waste incinerator with a daily treatment capacity of 500 t in Laishui,Baoding,Hebei Province,as the research object and explores the component characteristics of village and town domestic waste through sampling and analysis.The fly ash,bottom slag,throat wall coke,and ash soil components in the waste incinerator are sampled,and their ash melting points are measured.Based on the structural characteristics of the waste incinerator and the composition and calorific value of local domestic waste,FLIC and Ansys Fluent software are utilized to simulate the water evaporation,volatile release,volatile combustion,and coke incineration processes along the grate movement direction,as well as the distribution of the temperature field,velocity field,and concentration field in the furnace.The simulated results are compared and analyzed with the measured data.Considering the coking part,coke block shape,and coking degree in the furnace,the main factors affecting coking in the waste incinerator are analyzed.The risk and degree of coking in the equipment are reduced by adjusting the secondary air ratio between the front and rear arches.The ash melting point test results indicate that the hemispherical temperature and flow temperature of the ash samples in the furnace are slightly lower than those of the ash soil composition and the treated fly ash,which are close to 1200°C.The primary component in the furnace coke sample is pyroxene,accounting for 51%,followed by calcium(sodium)feldspar and orthoclase feldspar,accounting for 30%.The simulation results demonstrate that when the wind speed of the front arch and the wind speed of the back arch is 41 m/s and 38 m/s,respectively,the gas flow field and temperature field distribution in the throat and the front and rear arch areas in the furnace are optimized,the gas erosion of the front arch and the

关 键 词：结焦特性 高灰分生活垃圾 结焦预测 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TM621.2[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]