基因编辑食品标识制度的理论证成、国际比较及中国方案  

Theoretical Proof,International Comparison and Chinese Approach for Gene Edited Food Labeling System

作　　者：张文斐[1] 杨菲 刘旭霞[1] ZHANG Wen-fei;YANG Fei;LIU Xu-xia(College of Humanities&Social Sciences,Agricultural and Rural Rule of Law Innovation Research Center,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学文法学院农业农村法治创新研究中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2025年第3期25-34,共10页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(23YJC820055);中国农业农村法治研究会课题(2024003)。

摘　　要：基于基因编辑技术的自身特性与生物育种产业化扩面提速的现实需求,以可检测性标准构建独立的基因编辑食品标识制度确有必要。基因编辑食品标识制度在国际上有多种方案,欧盟对基因编辑食品标识的客体进行类型化处理,美国从法律依据、制度内容、公众参与等方面体现标识制度的透明化,加拿大则开放化地为基因编辑食品引入自愿透明度倡议。我国基因编辑作物产业化进程中,应通过制定专门法律文件,完善国内规则体系,加强国际沟通合作,良性对接国际规则来加强基因编辑食品标识制度的顶层设计,通过标识客体类型化、标识内容精细化、标识类型统一化来优化基因编辑食品标识制度的内容体系,通过完善可追溯制度、建立公开数据库、提高消费者认知来健全基因编辑食品标识制度的保障措施,以维护消费者的选择权和知情权,促进生物育种产业高质量可持续发展,保障国家生物安全,提高我国新兴生物技术运用及监管方案在农业领域的竞争力。Based on the characteristics of gene editing technology and the actual needs of expanding and expediting biological breeding industrialization,it is necessary to establish an independent gene edited food labeling system based on the detectability standard.There are many approaches of gene edited food labeling system internationally,the EU categorizes the objects of gene edited food labeling;the US reflects the transparency of the labeling system from the aspects of legal basis,system content and public participation;and the Canada is open to introducing gene edited food into a voluntary transparency initiative.In the process of industrializing gene edited crops in China,the top-level design of gene edited food labeling system should be strengthened by formulating special legal documents,improving the domestic rules system,strengthening international communication and cooperation,and docking international rules benignly.The content of gene edited food labeling system should be optimized by identifying the objects of labeling,refinement of the contents of labeling and unification of the types of labeling.The guarantee measures of gene edited food labeling system should be improved by perfecting the traceability system,establishing the public database and improving consumer awareness,in order to maintain consumers’rights to choose and know,promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the biological breeding industry,ensure national biosecurity and improve the competitiveness of application and supervision on emerging biotechnology of China in the agricultural field.

关 键 词：基因编辑食品标识 可检测性 自愿标识 可追溯管理 公开数据库 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]