麝香百合和‘雪皇后’的形态特征、核型及ISSR标记分析  

Morphological Characterization,Karyotype and ISSR Marker of Lilium longiflorum and L.longiflorum‘Snow Queen’

作　　者：程诗袁 何佳丽 韩福彬 杨娜娜 杨利平[1] 符勇耀 CHENG Shi-yuan;HE Jia-li;HAN Fu-bin;YANG Na-na;YANG Li-ping;FU Yong-yao(School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering,Yangtze Normal University,Chongqing 408100)

机构地区：[1]长江师范学院现代农业与生物工程学院,重庆408100

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2025年第3期219-229,共11页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：重庆市涪陵区科技局技术创新与应用发展项目(FLKJ,2023AAN1001);重庆市教委科学技术研究计划项目(KJQN202001418);长江师范学院科学研究资助项目(2017KYQD63)。

摘　　要：【目的】‘雪皇后’属于麝香百合杂种系品种,明确麝香百合和‘雪皇后’之间的差异,为二者的鉴定和开发利用奠定基础。【方法】采用经典测量、染色体压片和ISSR标记方法对其形态特征、核型以及遗传学变异进行系统分析。【结果】形态学观察结果发现,麝香百合的叶片比‘雪皇后’显著变窄,果实略变长,而株高、开花口径、花期、鳞茎和外层鳞片重量等指标均无显著差异。‘雪皇后’花粉粒投影面积大于麝香百合,以分布在8 700-8 900μm~2的花粉粒数目最多(占比14.4%)。‘雪皇后’叶片上表皮细胞和气孔比麝香百合显著变宽。核型分析显示,麝香百合与‘雪皇后’的染色体数目均为2n=2x=24,为二倍体,麝香百合核型公式为2n=2x=24=2m+6sm+10st+6t,‘雪皇后’核型公式为2n=2x=24=2m+4sm+16st (2SAT)+2t,且后者核不对称系数更大。ISSR标记表明,与麝香百合相比,‘雪皇后’发生了遗传变异,变异率为20.00%。【结论】麝香百合与‘雪皇后’在叶片形态、花粉粒、核型以及分子遗传水平上存在显著差异。【Objective】Lilium longiflorum‘Snow Queen’belongs to the Lilium longiflorum hybrid lily,and clarifying differences between L.longiflorum and L.longiflorum‘Snow Queen’will lay the foundation for their identification and development.【Method】Using classical measurements,chromosome tableting and ISSR marker methods were used to systematically analyze the morphological characterization,karyotype and genetic variation respectively.【Result】Morphological observations showed that the leaves of L.longiflorum were much narrower and the capsule length slightly increased than those in L.longiflorum‘Snow Queen’,while there were no significant differences in plant height,flowering diameter,flowering time,bulb weight and the outer scale weight.The projected area of pollen grains in L.longiflorum‘Snow Queen’was much larger than that of L.longiflorum,of which the highest number was distributed between 8700-8900μm2,accounting for 14.4%.Leaf epidermal cells and stomatas of L.longiflorum‘Snow Queen’were significantly wider than those in L.longiflorum.Karyotype analysis showed that L.longiflorum and L.longiflorum‘Snow Queen’were both diploids,with the chromosome formula 2n=2x=24.The karyotype formula of L.longiflorum was 2n=2x=24=2m+6sm+10st+6t,and that of L.longiflorum‘Snow Queen’was 2n=2x=24=2m+4sm+16st(2SAT)+2t,and karyotype asymmetry coefficient was much greater in the latter.ISSR marker analysis indicated that L.longiflorum‘Snow Queen’experienced a genetic variation at a rate of 20.00%compared to L.longiflorum control.【Conclusion】There were significant differences in leaf morphology,pollen grains,karyotype and molecular genetic levels between L.longiflorum and L.longiflorum‘Snow Queen’,providing basic information for their identification and development in future.

关 键 词：麝香百合 ‘雪皇后’ 形态特征 核型分析 遗传变异 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]