中药渣中纤维素降解菌的筛选及降解特性  

Screening and Degrading Characteristics of Cellulose-degrading Strains in Chinese Herb Residues

作　　者：张雨 周椿富 彭益萱 张家豪 尹心如 乔策策 谢越 汪建飞 王翔 ZHANG Yu;ZHOU Chun-fu;PENG Yi-xuan;ZHANG Jia-hao;YIN Xin-ru;QIAO Ce-ce;XIE Yue;WANG Jian-fei;WANG Xiang(College of Resource and Environment,Anhui Science and Technology University,Fengyang 233100;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201)

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院资源与环境学院,凤阳233100 [2]湖南科技大学化学化工学院,湘潭411201

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2025年第3期308-318,共11页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金项目(2108085QC126);安徽省教育厅重点项目(2022AH051643);安徽省研究生创新创业实践(2023cxcysj180);安徽科技学院校级科研发展基金(fz20220203);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202310879113)。

摘　　要：【目的】从中药渣中分离筛选高效纤维素降解菌株,用于中药渣的腐解,提高资源化利用程度。【方法】采用CMC-Na平板法对纤维素降解菌进行初步筛选,结合刚果红染色法和滤纸条崩解试验进行复筛,通过生理生化及16S rDNA分子生物学进行鉴定,选择不同生长和抗生素培养条件研究菌株纤维素酶活力,并以中药渣为唯一碳源检测菌株的降解能力。【结果】从中药渣中分离筛选获得3株具有纤维素降解能力的菌株,经鉴定H-1、Z-1为Bacillus sp.,Z-2为Niallia sp.。菌株H-1、Z-1最佳产酶条件为装液量10 mL/50 mL、pH 6、30℃;菌株Z-2最佳产酶条件为装液量10 mL/50 mL、pH 7、37℃,添加土霉素和恩诺沙星对菌株H-1、Z-1、Z-2的酶活力影响不显著。菌株H-1、Z-1和Z-2的中药渣降解率分别为56.37%、54.76%和41.53%,纤维素降解率分别为22.12%、20.01%和9.78%。【结论】筛选获得的3株菌具有良好的纤维素酶活力,且不受抗生素影响,对中药渣具有较好的降解效果。【Objective】To isolate and screen efficient cellulose degrading strains from Chinese herb residues,and they were used to improve resource utilization.【Method】CMC-Na plate was used to primarily screen cellulose-degrading bacteria,combined Congo red staining and disintegration test of filter paper strips to have re-screening.They were identified by physiology,biochemistry,and 16S rDNA molecular biology.Then the cellulase activities of strains with different growth and antibiotic culture conditions were investigated,and the degrading abilities of strains were determined using Chinese herb residues as the only carbon source.【Result】Three strains with cellulose-degrading ability were isolated and screened from Chinese herb residues.H-1 and Z-1 were identified as Bacillus sp.,and Z-2 as Niallia sp.The optimal enzyme production conditions for strain H-1 and Z-1 were 10 mL/50 mL,pH 6,and 30℃.The optimal enzyme production conditions for strain Z-210 mL/50 mL,pH 7,37℃,and adding oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin did not have a significant effect on the enzyme activities of strain H-1,Z-1 and Z-2.The degradation rates of Chinese herb residues by strain H-1,Z-1 and Z-2 were 56.37%,54.76%and 41.53%,and the rates of degrading cellulose were 22.12%,20.01%and 9.78%,respectively.【Conclusion】The three screened strains have robust cellulase activity,are not affected by antibiotics,and show an effective degradation capability for Chinese herb residues.

关 键 词：中药渣 纤维素降解菌 降解特性 产酶条件 抗生素 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]