大厚度2219铝合金电子束焊接头组织及性能  

Microstructure and mechanical properties of large thickness 2219 aluminum alloy electron beam welded joints

作　　者：肖宏 高文静 马康 高充 杜学钦 郑超群 XIAO Hong;GAO Wenjing;MA Kang;GAO Chong;DU Xueqin;ZHENG Chaoqun(Tianjin Aerospace Long March Rocket Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300462,China;School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]天津航天长征火箭制造有限公司,天津300462 [2]北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院,北京100191

出　　处：《焊接》2025年第3期79-85,共7页Welding & Joining

基　　金：十三五装备预研共用技术课题资助项目(41423050128)。

摘　　要：【目的】旨在摸索55mm大厚度2219铝合金电子束焊接头不同厚度位置的焊缝组织和接头性能规律,为进一步工艺优化及工程实践提供依据。【方法】通过金相试验、拉伸试验、弯曲试验和显微硬度试验研究了焊接接头的焊缝组织和力学性能。【结果】结果表明,电子束接头成形良好,深宽比达到18.3~18.5,焊缝在厚度方向上的微观组织,差异不大,表现出良好一致性。焊缝为细小等轴晶组织,焊缝厚度方向上组织形貌差别较小,扫描参数的搅拌作用起到细化焊缝晶粒的作用。焊接接头在厚度方向的拉伸性能、弯曲性能及显微硬度均表现出较好的一致性,接头抗拉强度达到母材95%,厚度方向最大差值仅7MPa,弯曲塑性良好,背弯角达到180°,显微硬度稳定在50~60HV0.1。【结论】电子束焊接的大厚度2219铝合金接头,厚度方向组织均匀性及综合力学性能良好。[Objective]The purpose was to explore microstructure of weld and mechanical properties of 55 mm large thickness 2219 aluminum alloy electron beam welded joints at different thickness positions,and provide a basis for further process optimization and engineering practice.[Methods]Microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints were studied through metallographic test,tensile test,bending test and microhardness test.[Results]The results showed that electron beam welded joints were well formed,depth-to-width ratio reached 18.3~18.5.Microstructure of weld was not very different in the thickness direction,showing good consistency.Weld was fine equiaxed structure,difference of microstructure in weld thickness direction was small,and stirring of scanning function played the role of refining grains of weld.Tensile performance,bending performance and microhardness of weld in the thickness direction showed good consistency.Tensile strength of weld reached 95% of base material and the maximum difference in thickness direction was 7 MPa.Bending performance was good and bending angle reached 180°.Microhardness was stable at 50~60 HV0.1.[Conclusion]Electron beam welded joints of large thickness 2219 aluminum alloy had good microstructure uniformity and comprehensive mechanical properties in thickness direction.

关 键 词：大厚度 2219铝合金 电子束焊 微观组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG456.3[金属学及工艺—焊接]