涡旋流动夹气携沙演化过程及作用  

Evolution and Influence of the Gas-liquid Floor-attached Vortex With Sand

作　　者：甘甜 陈风伊 徐家骏 郭志伟[1] GAN Tian;CHEN Fen-yi;XU Jia-jun;GUO Zhi-wei(School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei Province,)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水利水电学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2025年第3期86-89,共4页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：湖北省水利重点科研项目(HBSLKY202326)。

摘　　要：水气沙三相流是含沙条件下水力机械进水系统中最复杂的流动,其核心特征是漩涡同时夹气携沙进入水力机械系统,加剧叶轮等关键部件的磨损破坏,严重影响其安全稳定运行。采用实验方法观察含沙条件下进水池的三相涡旋流动,重点分析夹气涡对底部颗粒运动的影响,并进一步探讨含沙条件下临界淹没深度的规律。通过实验观察明确进水池底部的推移质会随着涡旋流动进入水力机械系统,其物理过程显示在附底夹气涡形成到消散的阶段,夹气涡会明显增强底部漩涡携沙运动,使其螺旋向上进入管内。与清水条件下相比,含沙情况下,附底夹气涡出现的频率更高、持续时间更长,并且影响临界淹没深度,说明有必要单独制定含沙条件下的设计标准。Water-gas-sand three-phase flow is the most complicated flow in intake system for hydraulic machinery,where the key difficulty is that the vortex takes both gas and sand into the system,which induces large erosive damage on pumps,resulting in unsafe and unstable operation of hydraulic machinery.This study focuses on the characteristics of three-phase vortex flow in sump with sand by experimental test to figure out the effects of water-gas vortex flow on the sand movement in the bottom,and further to analyze the critical submerged height.The results obtained show the physical process that the bed material load is possible to enter the system following FAGV,i.e.,during the formation to dissipation of the floor-attached gas vortices(FAGV),the particle movement in the bottom is enhanced to spirally enter the pipe.Compared with the same situation in clean water,the frequency of vortex occurrence is higher and the duration is longer if the FAGV occurs,and the critical submerged height is also different,so it is necessary to make new design standards of sump with sediment flow.

关 键 词：水气沙三相流 进水池 夹气涡 临界淹没深度 

分 类 号：TV136[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]