新乡市平原区浅层地下水砷超标的环境特征及源解析  

Environmental characteristics and source identification of arsenic in shallow groundwater of Xinxiang Plain area,China

作　　者：肖舜禹 任宇 王帅 潘登 张琳[1,2] 李祥志 XIAO Shunyu;REN Yu;WANG Shuai;PAN Deng;ZHANG Lin;LI Xiangzhi(The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050061;Key Laboratory of Groundwater Contamination and Remediation,Hebei Province&China Geological Survey,Shijiazhuang 050061;College of Geosciences and Engineering,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046;Henan Institute of Natural Resources Monitoring and Land Management,Zhengzhou 450061;Key Laboratory of Protection and Restoration of Water and Soil Resources in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River Basin,Ministry of Natural Resources,Zhengzhou 450061)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,石家庄050061 [2]河北省/中国地质调查局地下水污染机理与修复重点实验室,石家庄050061 [3]华北水利水电大学地球科学与工程学院,郑州450046 [4]河南省自然资源监测和国土整治院,郑州450061 [5]自然资源部黄河流域中下游水土资源保护与修复重点实验室,郑州450061

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2025年第2期143-153,共11页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所基本科研业务费(No.SK202311);国家自然科学基金(No.42307519,41972262);河北省自然科学基金杰青基金项目(No.D2023504030);国家重点研发计划(No.2022YFC3703701);中央水污染防治项目(No.豫财环资[2020]3号);中国地质科学院基本科研业务费专项(No.YK202301,SK202320)。

摘　　要：新乡市平原区是黄河下游流域重要的粮食产地,地下水是当地农业灌溉的主要水源.该地区分布有区域性高砷(As>10μg·L^(-1))地下水,但As超标的环境特征及来源尚不明确.本研究采集了130组浅层地下水样品,通过分析As与特征离子间的相关关系分析地下水中As赋存的环境特征.同时,结合主成分分析法(PCA)和正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)两种源解析方法识别浅层含水层中As的来源.结果表明:①新乡市平原区地下水中As的最高浓度为128μg·L^(-1),超标率为40.77%.高砷地下水主要分布于沉积环境为洪积扇前洼地和黄河决口扇,井深在20~45 m的环境中.②研究区高砷地下水普遍存在于pH为7.2~7.8的弱碱性环境,水化学类型主要为HCO_(3)^(-)Ca和HCO_(3)^(-)Ca·Na.离子相关性分析表明,弱碱性还原环境和高HCO_(3)^(-)环境有利于高砷地下水的形成,同时也伴随Fe和NH_(4)^(+)的释放.③源解析定量模型表明,铁氧化物还原性溶解是地下水中As释放的主要来源,贡献率为91.9%,水-岩作用促进的HCO_(3)^(-)竞争吸附和农业化肥施用对砷释放的贡献率分别为7.6%和0.5%.The plain area of Xinxiang City is an important grain producing area in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.Groundwater is the main source of local agricultural irrigation.Regional high-arsenic(As>10μg·L^(-1))groundwater has been distributed in this area.But the environmental characteristics and sources of As are not clear.130 groups of shallow groundwater samples were collected in this research.The environmental characteristics of As in groundwater were identified by analyzing between As and characteristic ions.Principal component analysis(PCA)and positive matrix factorization(PMF)were combined to identify the source of As in shallow aquifers.The results showed that:①The highest concentration of As in the plain area of Xinxiang City was 128μg·L^(-1),with an excess rate of 40.77%.High arsenic groundwater was mainly distributed in the sedimentary environment of the depression before the alluvial fan and the Yellow River burst fan,with the well depths between 20~45 m.②High arsenic groundwater in the study area generally existed in a weakly alkaline environment with pH of 7.2~7.8.The water chemical types were mainly HCO_(3)^(-)Ca and HCO_(3)^(-)Ca·Na.Ion correlation analysis showed that the weak alkaline reducing environment and high HCO_(3)^(-)environment were conducive to the formation of high arsenic groundwater,accompanied by the release of Fe and NH_(4)^(+).③The PCA-PMF combining quantitative model showed that the reductive dissolution of iron oxides was the main source of As release in groundwater,with a contribution rate of 91.9%.The contribution rates of HCO3-competitive adsorption promoted by water-rock interaction and agricultural fertilizer application were 7.6%and 0.5%,respectively.

关 键 词：浅层地下水 高砷 离子分析 环境特征 PCA-PMF源解析 新乡平原区 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X832