岩溶地质高背景区农田土壤重金属污染特征、风险评价与来源解析研究  

Pollution characteristics,risk assessment and source analysis of heavy metal inagricultural soils of karst geological high background areas

作　　者：张仁甫 刘超琦 张语馨 王超 梁学峰[2] 黄青青 孙约兵 ZHANG Renfu;LIU Chaoqi;ZHANG Yuxin;WANG Chao;LIANG Xuefeng;HUANG Qingqing;SUNYuebing(College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030;Key Laboratory of Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(MARA)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety,Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,MARA,Tianjin 300191;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室/天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室,天津300191 [3]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2025年第2期268-280,共13页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(No.CAAS-CSGLCA-202302)。

摘　　要：为探究岩溶地质高背景区农田土壤重金属污染特征与环境风险,采集贵州铜仁某地农田土壤285份,分析了土壤中镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、砷(As)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)8种重金属含量,研究土壤pH值和重金属在不同村域空间分布规律,采用内梅罗污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法、地积累指数法和人体健康风险评估模型对研究区土壤重金属污染环境风险进行评价,并利用绝对主成分-多元线性回归受体模型识别重金属来源贡献率.结果表明,研究区农田土壤Hg、Cd、As、Pb含量超过贵州省土壤重金属含量背景值,其中,Hg、Cd、As和Pb含量超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 15618-2018)筛选值,Hg、Cd和As含量超过管制值的比例分别为1.05%、0.35%和1.05%.地积累指数评价结果表明,Hg、Cd、As和Pb的点位中等-极严重污染占比分别为70.53%、4.91%、27.01%和21.06%,污染较严重.健康风险评估结果显示,成人和儿童的非致癌风险指数分别为0.31和1.76,Pb、As、Cr对人体健康构成非致癌风险,在致癌风险方面,As、Cd、Cr和Ni对成人和儿童构成致癌风险.相关性分析/绝对主成分受体模型得出Cr、Ni、Cu和Zn在第三主成分下的贡献率最高,分别为62.05%、96.76%、84.98%和47.33%,主要来源为地质高背景的自然源;Hg、As主要来源为工业源(第二主成分贡献率分别为79.43%、72.40%),Pb主要来源为燃煤活动-交通运输混合源,Cd主要来源可能为人类活动引起的农业源.To investigate the characteristics and environmental risks of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil in the high-background karst geological area of Tongren City,Guizhou Province,a total of 285 soil samples were collected and the contents of heavy metals,including Cd,Hg,Pb,As,Cr,Ni,Zn,and Cu were determined.The spatial distribution of soil pH and heavy metal concentrations across different villages was analyzed using ordinary Kriging interpolation.The environmental risks of soil heavy metals in the study area were evaluated using the Nemero pollution index,potential ecological risk index,geoaccumulation index,and human health risk assessment models.The contribution rates of heavy metals were identified using the absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression(APCS-MLR)receptor model.The results revealed that the concentrations of Hg,Cd,As,and Pb exceeded the background levels of soil heavy metals in Guizhou Province.Specifically,the contents of Hg,Cd,As,and Pb surpassed the risk screening values set by the Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Agricultural Land Soil Pollution(GB 15618-2018).The proportions exceeding the risk intervention values were 1.05%for Hg,0.35%for Cd,and 1.05%for As,respectively.The geoaccumulation index evaluation indicated that moderate to extremely severe pollution proportions for Hg,Cd,As,and Pb were 70.53%,4.91%,27.01%,and 21.06%,respectively,highlighting significant heavy metal pollution in the soil.Health risk assessment results indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk index(HI)for adults and children was 0.31 and 1.76,respectively,with Pb,As,and Cr posing non-carcinogenic risks to human health.In terms of carcinogenic risk,As,Cd,Cr,and Ni posed cancer risks to both adults and children.The correlation analysis and APCS-MLR receptor model results indicated that the highest contribution rates under the third principal component were from Cr,Ni,Cu,and Zn,with values of 62.05%,96.76%,84.98%and 47.33%,respectively,suggesting these metals mainly originated fro

关 键 词：农田 重金属 健康风险 来源解析 地质高背景 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]