地表灰尘和路侧土壤中铂族元素的污染特征分析及生物可给性研究——以贵阳市为例  

Analysis of the pollution characteristics and bioavailability of platinumelements in surface dust and roadside soil——Taking Guiyang City as an example

作　　者：姜涛 王济[1,2] 蔡雄飞 王胜利[1,2] 戴聪 JIANG Tao;WANG Ji;CAI Xiongfei;WANG Shengli;DAI Cong(School of Geography and Environmental Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025;Cultivation Base of the State Key Laboratory of Karst Mountain Ecological Environment in Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550001)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境国家重点实验室培育基地,贵阳550001

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2025年第2期281-290,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：贵州科技计划支撑计划项目。

摘　　要：为减轻温室气体排放,汽车中引入了铂族元素(PGEs)尾气催化剂,造成道路灰尘和路侧土壤中Pt、Pd和Rh的过量累积,对生态环境和人体健康产生严重威胁.本研究针对贵阳市南明区和云岩区内土壤和灰尘样本,进行PGEs全量分析和体外模拟肺液实验.结果表明:研究区内Pt、Pd和Rh存在非常严重的累积现象,土壤中的PGEs含量总体高于灰尘,累积趋势为Pd>Rh>Pt.喀斯特地形地貌的影响使得灰尘中的PGEs颗粒物在研究区内短时间内长距离输送且不易扩散.由于研究区内机动车尾气催化器类型与北京和香港地区不同,导致PGEs的累积趋势也不同.基于体外模拟肺液实验,酸性环境会促进PGEs在肺中浓度增加.虽然PGEs在肺中的生物可给性的相对大小顺序为Pt>Rh>Pd,但灰尘中的Pd含量远高于Pt和Rh,使得Pd对当地居民产生的潜在健康风险最高.因此,严格控制交通排放、改善能源结构是降低PGEs污染影响的重要途径.To mitigate greenhouse gas emissions,platinum group elements(PGEs)have been introduced as exhaust catalysts in vehicles,resulting in excessive accumulation of Pt,Pd,and Rh in road dust and roadside soils,which poses serious threats to the ecological environment and human health.This work carried out an analysis of PGEs in soil and dust samples from Nanming District and Yunyan District in Guiyang,combined with in vitro simulated lung fluid experiments.The results demonstrated a significant accumulation of Pt,Pd,and Rh in the area,with overall PGE concentrations higher in soil than in dust,following an accumulation trend of Pd>Rh>Pt.The influence of the karst topography resulted in the long-distance transport of PGE particulates within a short period,with limited diffusion.Due to differences in vehicle exhaust catalyst types compared to Beijing and Hong Kong region,the accumulation trends of PGEs also differed in the area.The results of vitro simulated lung fluid experiments exhibited that PGEs concentration in the lungs was increased in acidic environments.Although the bioaccessibility of PGEs in the lungs followed the order Pt>Rh>Pd,the much higher Pd content in dust suggests that Pd element posed the highest potential health risk to local residents.Therefore,effectively controlling traffic emissions and improving the energy structure are crucial ways to reduce the impact of PGE pollution.

关 键 词：铂族元素 灰尘 土壤 生物可给性 喀斯特 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X53